Terminalia bellirica
Terminalia bellirica
(Gaertn.) Roxb.
| Ordre | Myrtales |
|---|---|
| Famille | Combretaceae |
| Genre | Terminalia |
2n =
Origine : Inde, Malaysia
sauvage ou cultivé
| Français | ' |
|---|---|
| Anglais | ' |
- médicinal : myrobolan bellérique
- écorce : tanin
- fruit : teinture et encre noires
- graines : savon, huile pour cheveux
- graines comestibles, mais toxiques
- bois d'œuvre
Sommaire
Description
Noms populaires
| français | myrobolan bellérique, myrobolan belleric |
| anglais | belliric myrobalan, bahera, bedda nut tree |
| arabe | بليلج - beliledj (Wikipédia - en) |
| sanscrit | bibhita, बिभीतक - bibhitaka (Wikipédia - en) ; अक्षः - akshah, बहुवीर्य - bahuvirya, बिभीतकः - bibhitakah, कर्षः - karshah, विभीतकः - vibhitakah (Flowers of India) |
| hindi | bahera (Wealth of India) ; बहेड़ा - bahera, बहुवीर्य - bahuvirya, भूतवास - bhutvaas, कल्क - kalk, कर्षफल - karshphal (Flowers of India) |
| ourdou | bahera (Flowers of India) |
| bengali | bhairah (Wealth of India) ; বহেড়া - baheda (Flowers of India) |
| marathi | beheda (Wealth of India) ; बेहडा - behada, बिभीतक - bibhītaka, कलिद्रुम - kalidruma, वेहळा - vehala (Flowers of India) |
| gujerati | બહેડા - baheda (Flowers of India) |
| konkani | goting (Flowers of India) |
| telugu | tani (Wealth of India) ; భూతావాసము - bhutavasamu, కర్షఫలము - karshaphalamu, తాడి - tadi, తాండ్రచెట్టు - tandrachettu, విభీతకము - vibhitakamu (Flowers of India) |
| tamoul | tani (Wealth of India) ; தான்றி - tanri (Flowers of India) |
| kannada | ತಾಱಿ, ತಾರಿ - taari, ತಾಱೆ, ತಾರೆ - taare, ತಾರೆಕಾಯಿ - taarekaayi (Flowers of India) |
| malayalam | thani (Wealth of India) ; താന്നി - thaanni (Flowers of India) |
| oriya | bhara (Wealth of India) ; bahada (Flowers of India) |
| manipuri | ꯕꯍꯦꯔꯥ - bahera (Flowers of India) |
| népalais | बर्रो - barro (Flowers of India) |
| assamais | bauri (Flowers of India) |
| khasi | dieng rinyn (Flowers of India) |
| mizo | thingvandawt (Flowers of India) |
| Indonésie | jaha kebo, jaha sapi (javanais), jaha (Madura), ulu belu (Sumatra) (PROSEA) |
| Malaysia | jelawai, mentalun, simar kulihap (péninsule) (PROSEA) |
| Thaïlande | si-ba-duu (karen, Chiang Mai), haen, haen-khao, haen-ton (nord), samo phi phek (centre) (PROSEA) |
| Vietnam | bàng hôi, bàng ḿôc, nhú't, bàng nước, mung trằng, bông dêu (PROSEA) |
| Laos | hèèn, nam kièng dam (PROSEA) |
| Cambodge | srâmâr piphéék (PROSEA) |
| Birmanie | thitsein (PROSEA) |
- Voir une synthèse sur les myrobolans.
Classification
Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. (1805) ("1798") "bellerica"
basionyme :
- Myrobalanus bellirica Gaertn. (1790)
Cultivars
Histoire
Usages
Cultivated everywhere in India because of its fruits and the tannin-rich bark. The fruits are a source of black dyes and ink, and of myrobalm, which is used for tanning. Seeds are used for the production of hair oil and soap. Good timber. Kernels eaten, possibly toxic or narcotic.
This tree, in Sanskrit Bibhita and Bibhitaka (fearless), is avoided by the Hindus of Northern India, who will not sit in its shade, as it is supposed to be inhabited by demons. Two varieties of T. belerica are found in India, one with nearly globular fruit, 1/2 to 3/4 inch in diameter, the other with ovate and much larger fruit. The pulp of the fruit (Beleric myrobalan) is considered by ayurvedic physicians to be astringent and laxative, and is prescribed with salt and long pepper in infections of the throat and chest. As a constituent of the triphala (three fruits), i.e., emblic, beleric and chebulic myrobalans, it is employed in a great number of diseases, and the kernel is sometimes used as an external application to inflamed parts. On account of its medicinal properties the tree bears the Sanskrit synonym of Anila-ghnaka, or "wind-killing." According to the Nighantus the kernels are narcotic.
Références
- Rollet, Bernard et coll., 2010. Arbres des Petites Antilles. Tome 1 : Introduction à la dendrologie. 276 p. Tome 2 : Description des espèces. 866 p. + 46 pl. coul. + CD de photos sur l'anatomie du bois. Basse-Terre, ONF. Voir sur Pl@ntUse.
