Carica papaya
Carica papaya L.
| Ordre | Brassicales |
|---|---|
| Famille | Caricaceae |
| Genre | Carica |
2n = 18
Origine : Mexique, Mésoamérique
sauvage ou cultivé
| Français | papayer |
|---|---|
| Anglais | papaya |
- fruit mûr consommé
- fruit vert consommé cru en salade
- feuilles et fleurs comestibles
- latex du fruit immature : source de papaïne
Sommaire
Description
1, tige en fleurs et en fruits ; 2, fruit en coupe (PROSEA)
papayer mâle
feuille
fleurs mâles
fleur mâle
fleur femelle
fruit en coupe longitudinale
fruit en coupe transversale
graines, avec et sans mucilage
Noms populaires
| français | papayer / papaye |
| créole guyanais | papaye [papay] (Pharma. Guyane) |
| wayãpi | mãũ (Pharma. Guyane) |
| palikur | paβay (Pharma. Guyane) |
| anglais | papaya, papaw, pawpaw, melon tree |
| allemand | Papaya, Melonenbaum |
| néerlandais | papaja |
| italien | papaia |
| espagnol | papaya ; lechosa (Venezuela, Saint-Domingue) ; mamón (Argentine) ; fruta bomba (Cuba) |
| portugais | papaia ; mamão (Brésil) |
| Philippines | papaya, kapaya, lapaya (PROSEA) |
| Indonésie | papaya, gedang (Sundanese), kates (Javanese) (PROSEA) |
| Malaysia | papaya, betek, ketalah (PROSEA) |
| Thaïlande | malakor (centre), loko (péninsule), ma kuai thet (nord) (PROSEA) |
| Vietnam | du du (PROSEA) |
| Laos | houng (PROSEA) |
| Cambodge | lhong, doeum lahong (PROSEA) |
| Birmanie | thimbaw (PROSEA) |
Classification
Carica papaya L. (1753)
synonyme :
- Carica sativa Tussac (1824)
Cultivars
Histoire
Michał Boym, 1656. Flora Sinensis
ambapaya, papajamaram vol. 1 pl. 15 Rheede 1678
Labat, 1742, Nouveau voyage aux isles de l'Amérique
Papayer commun, Descourtilz, Flore médicale des Antilles, 1821, 1:47
Détails botaniques du papayer, Descourtilz, Flore médicale des Antilles, 1821, 1:48
Berthe Hoola van Nooten, XIXe, Fleurs, Fruits et Feuillages Choisis de l'Ile de Java
Michaux, 1865. North American Sylva
Köhler, 1897. Medizinal-Pflanzen, pl. 28
Köhler, 1897. Medizinal-Pflanzen, pl. 29
timbre de Somalie, 1961
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- Boym, Michał, 1696. Flora Sinensis. Paris, 15 p. Seconde édition en français. Voir Fan yay çu sur Pl@ntUse.
Usages
Known only in cultivation. Probably originated from natural hybridisations involving C. peltata Hook. & Arn. in the lowlands of E Central America. In pre-Colombian times it must have been cultivated already for a long period. At the time of America's discovery it was known from Mexico to Panama and occured in a wide range of diverse types. From tropical America it was brought to the Caribbean and SE Asia by the Spanish explorers in the 16th cent. Afterwards it spread rapidly to India, Oceania and Africa. Today it is widely distributed throughout the tropical and warmer subtropical areas of the world. There are two main types: hermaphroditic "Solo", and dioecious "Fruta bomba"; the first produce pyriform fruits weighting 0,5-0,75 kg, the latter oval fruits with a weight of 1,0-7,5 kg. The nutritious ripe fruits are a favourite dessert, that is available year-round. The pulp is rich in vitamin A and C and very wholesome. It is suitable to make fruit salads, refreshing drinks, jam, jelly and candies. Unripe fruits are pickled or cooked as vegetables. The seeds are used as vermifuge. In some regions papaya is grown for the extraction of papain and chymopapain, proteolytic enzymes from the latex, mainly of the unripe fruits. Papain is used in the beverage, food and pharmaceutical industries. Well-known is its use in tenderizing tough meat. It is also applied to the treatment of silk and wool in the textile industry and for preparing cosmetics.
Références
- Grenand, Pierre ; Moretti, Christian ; Jacquemin, Henri & Prévost, Marie-Françoise, 2004. Pharmacopées traditionnelles en Guyane. Créoles, Wayãpi, Palikur. 2e édition revue et complétée. Paris, IRD. 816 p. (1ère éd.: 1987). Voir sur Pl@ntUse.
- TRAMIL, Pharmacopée végétale caribéenne, éd. scient. L. Germosén-Robineau. 2014. 3e éd. Santo Domingo, Canopé de Guadeloupe. 420 p. Voir sur Pl@ntUse
