Punica granatum : Différence entre versions

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*fleurs : médicinale
 
*fleurs : médicinale
 
*forme du fruit source d'inspiration artistique
 
*forme du fruit source d'inspiration artistique
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}}The traditional area of cultivation reaches from the Himalaya to the Mediterranean area. Now cultivated in most countries with warmer climate, also escaped from cultivation and naturalized (e.g. in N Albania). Very old fruit tree, already in the early Bronze age known from the Middle East. Punica protopunica Balf.f. (in Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinbg. 9, 1882, 512) from Socotra had been discussed as a possible progenitor, but this is rather doubtful. A multiple domestication within the large area of the wild P. granatum is now generally accepted. The fruits are consumed fresh. The pulpa of the seeds is eaten or prepared into a juice, which is the basis for lemonades or a beverage similar to wine. In India the dried and ground seeds are used as a condiment (anardana). Medicinally used are flowers (Flores balaustinorum, Flores Granati, Flores Balaustia) and the fruit peel which is rich in tannin (Cortex fructus Granati, Cortex malicorii, Malicorium, Pericarpium Granati), also used for tanning as the root bark (Cortex Radicis Granati). From the flowers a red dye is extracted. Also ornamental plant with simple and double flowers.
 
== Description ==
 
== Description ==
 
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*Voir l'[[Grenadier (Candolle, 1882)|''Origine des plantes cultivées'' de Candolle (1882)]]
 
*Voir l'[[Grenadier (Candolle, 1882)|''Origine des plantes cultivées'' de Candolle (1882)]]
 
*Voir les [[Grenadier (Cazin 1868)|''Plantes médicinales'' de Cazin (1868)]]
 
*Voir les [[Grenadier (Cazin 1868)|''Plantes médicinales'' de Cazin (1868)]]
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{{Citation encadré
 
|Douée de propriétés anthelmintiques au niveau de l'écorce de la racine, cette espèce a également des propriétés tannantes.
 
|Douée de propriétés anthelmintiques au niveau de l'écorce de la racine, cette espèce a également des propriétés tannantes.
  
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Selon MOLAINE l'écorce du fruit est utilisée depuis l'an­tiquité pour le ''tannage'' des peaux. Elle est encore employée en ''teinturerie'' (TROTTER, 1915 ; POINSOT et REVAULT, 1937 ; COUSTILLAC, 1958), et cette teinture sert éventuellement au marquage des animaux (RENON s.d.).
 
Selon MOLAINE l'écorce du fruit est utilisée depuis l'an­tiquité pour le ''tannage'' des peaux. Elle est encore employée en ''teinturerie'' (TROTTER, 1915 ; POINSOT et REVAULT, 1937 ; COUSTILLAC, 1958), et cette teinture sert éventuellement au marquage des animaux (RENON s.d.).
{{droite|[[Punicacées (Le Floc'h, 1983)#Punica granatum|Le Floc'h, 1983, ''Ethnobotanique tunisienne'', 170]]}}
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|auteur=[[Punicacées (Le Floc'h, 1983)#Punica granatum|Le Floc'h, 1983, ''Ethnobotanique tunisienne'', 170]].
|}
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}}
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{{Citation encadré
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|texte=The traditional area of cultivation reaches from the Himalaya to the Mediterranean area. Now cultivated in most countries with warmer climate, also escaped from cultivation and naturalized (e.g. in N Albania). Very old fruit tree, already in the early Bronze age known from the Middle East. Punica protopunica Balf.f. (in Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinbg. 9, 1882, 512) from Socotra had been discussed as a possible progenitor, but this is rather doubtful. A multiple domestication within the large area of the wild P. granatum is now generally accepted. The fruits are consumed fresh. The pulpa of the seeds is eaten or prepared into a juice, which is the basis for lemonades or a beverage similar to wine. In India the dried and ground seeds are used as a condiment (anardana). Medicinally used are flowers (Flores balaustinorum, Flores Granati, Flores Balaustia) and the fruit peel which is rich in tannin (Cortex fructus Granati, Cortex malicorii, Malicorium, Pericarpium Granati), also used for tanning as the root bark (Cortex Radicis Granati). From the flowers a red dye is extracted. Also ornamental plant with simple and double flowers.
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|auteur=Mansfeld.
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== Propriétés ==
 
== Propriétés ==
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*Mure, Véronique, 2013. Le grenadier et la balustre… [https://www.botanique-jardins-paysages.com/le-grenadier-et-la-balustre%e2%80%a6/ ''Botanique, Jardins, Paysages''].
 
*Mure, Véronique, 2013. Le grenadier et la balustre… [https://www.botanique-jardins-paysages.com/le-grenadier-et-la-balustre%e2%80%a6/ ''Botanique, Jardins, Paysages''].
 
*Popenoe, Wilson, 1974. ''Manual of tropical and subtropical fruits. Excluding the banana, coconut, pineapple, citrus frits and fig''. Ed. 1 : 1920, Macmillan Company. Reprint 1974, Hafner. Grenadier : pp 375-383.
 
*Popenoe, Wilson, 1974. ''Manual of tropical and subtropical fruits. Excluding the banana, coconut, pineapple, citrus frits and fig''. Ed. 1 : 1920, Macmillan Company. Reprint 1974, Hafner. Grenadier : pp 375-383.
 +
*Rollet, Bernard et coll., 2010. ''Arbres des Petites Antilles''. Tome 1 : ''Introduction à la dendrologie''. 276 p. Tome 2 : ''Description des espèces''. 866 p. + 46 pl. coul. + CD de photos sur l'anatomie du bois. Basse-Terre, ONF. Voir [[Punica granatum (Rollet, Antilles)|sur Pl@ntUse]].
 
*Seeram, Navindra P., Schulman, Risa N. & Heber, David, 2006. ''Pomegranates: Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine''. CRC Press. (''Medicinal and Aromatic Plants – Industrial Profiles'').
 
*Seeram, Navindra P., Schulman, Risa N. & Heber, David, 2006. ''Pomegranates: Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine''. CRC Press. (''Medicinal and Aromatic Plants – Industrial Profiles'').
  
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*[[Punica granatum (PROTA)|PROTA sur Pl@ntUse]]
 
*[[Punica granatum (PROTA)|PROTA sur Pl@ntUse]]
 
*[http://www.ueresgen29.unifi.it/ds2.htm Pomegranate tree: description and use] (projet européen [http://www.ueresgen29.unifi.it/ RESGEN29 "Conservation, evaluation, exploitation and collection of minor fruit tree species"])
 
*[http://www.ueresgen29.unifi.it/ds2.htm Pomegranate tree: description and use] (projet européen [http://www.ueresgen29.unifi.it/ RESGEN29 "Conservation, evaluation, exploitation and collection of minor fruit tree species"])
 +
*[https://inpn.mnhn.fr/espece/cd_nom/447462/tab/taxo TAXREF]
 
*[http://http://www.tela-botanica.org/bdtfx-nn-54104 Tela Botanica]
 
*[http://http://www.tela-botanica.org/bdtfx-nn-54104 Tela Botanica]
 
*[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punica%20granatum Wikipédia]
 
*[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punica%20granatum Wikipédia]

Version du 28 septembre 2020 à 21:26

Punica granatum L.

alt=Description de l'image Grenadier.JPG.
Ordre Myrtales
Famille Lythraceae
Genre Punica

2n = 16, 18

Origine : Asie centrale, Inde

sauvage ou cultivé

Français grenadier
Anglais pomegranate


Résumé des usages
  • fruit comestible (formes douces)
  • formes acides du fruit : ingrédient culinaire, frais ou concentré
  • écorce du fruit et des racines : tanin et colorant
  • fleurs : médicinale
  • forme du fruit source d'inspiration artistique

The traditional area of cultivation reaches from the Himalaya to the Mediterranean area. Now cultivated in most countries with warmer climate, also escaped from cultivation and naturalized (e.g. in N Albania). Very old fruit tree, already in the early Bronze age known from the Middle East. Punica protopunica Balf.f. (in Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinbg. 9, 1882, 512) from Socotra had been discussed as a possible progenitor, but this is rather doubtful. A multiple domestication within the large area of the wild P. granatum is now generally accepted. The fruits are consumed fresh. The pulpa of the seeds is eaten or prepared into a juice, which is the basis for lemonades or a beverage similar to wine. In India the dried and ground seeds are used as a condiment (anardana). Medicinally used are flowers (Flores balaustinorum, Flores Granati, Flores Balaustia) and the fruit peel which is rich in tannin (Cortex fructus Granati, Cortex malicorii, Malicorium, Pericarpium Granati), also used for tanning as the root bark (Cortex Radicis Granati). From the flowers a red dye is extracted. Also ornamental plant with simple and double flowers.

Description

Noms populaires

français grenadier / grenade
anglais pomegranate
allemand Granatapfelbaum / Granatapfel
néerlandais granaatappel
italien melograno ; melogranato / melagrana ; mela granata
espagnol granado / granada
catalan magraner / magrana, mangrana
portugais romãzeira ; romanzeira (Brésil) / romã
arabe rummān
grec ancien ῥόα, ῥοιά - rhoa, rhoia (Théophraste), ῥόα - rhoa (Dioscoride)

Classification

Punica granatum L. (1753)

synonyme : Punica nana L. (1762)

Cultivars

Histoire

Usages


The traditional area of cultivation reaches from the Himalaya to the Mediterranean area. Now cultivated in most countries with warmer climate, also escaped from cultivation and naturalized (e.g. in N Albania). Very old fruit tree, already in the early Bronze age known from the Middle East. Punica protopunica Balf.f. (in Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinbg. 9, 1882, 512) from Socotra had been discussed as a possible progenitor, but this is rather doubtful. A multiple domestication within the large area of the wild P. granatum is now generally accepted. The fruits are consumed fresh. The pulpa of the seeds is eaten or prepared into a juice, which is the basis for lemonades or a beverage similar to wine. In India the dried and ground seeds are used as a condiment (anardana). Medicinally used are flowers (Flores balaustinorum, Flores Granati, Flores Balaustia) and the fruit peel which is rich in tannin (Cortex fructus Granati, Cortex malicorii, Malicorium, Pericarpium Granati), also used for tanning as the root bark (Cortex Radicis Granati). From the flowers a red dye is extracted. Also ornamental plant with simple and double flowers.

Mansfeld.



Propriétés

Rôle dans les cultures humaines

balustre et balustrade. La forme de départ est copiée du jeune fruit, appelé balaustium en latin

Références

  • Agrimaroc, 2004. Le grenadier. télécharger le pdf
  • Chauvet, Michel, 2018. Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 425)
  • Evreinoff V.A., 1957. Contribution à l'étude du grenadier. J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl., 4 : 124-138.
  • Goor, Asaph, 1967. The history of the pomegranate in the Holy Land. Econ. Bot., 21 : 215-229.
  • Holland, D., Hatib, K. & Bar-Ya’akov, I. Pomegranate: Botany, Horticulture, Breeding. Section of Deciduous Fruit Trees Sciences, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Israel. télécharger le pdf
  • Janick, Jules & Paull, Robert E., 2008. The Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nuts. Cambridge (USA), CABI. 954 p.
  • Lüdders P. & Debor H.W., 1978. Bibliographie des internationalen Granatapfel-Schrifttums. Aktuelle Literaturinformationen aus dem Obstbau (Technische Univ., Berlin), n° 73.
  • Mars, Messaoud & Marrakchi, Mohamed M., 1999. Diversity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) germplasm in Tunisia. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 46: 461-467.
  • Mars, Messaoud, 2000. Pomegranate plant material: Genetic resources and breeding, a review. in : Melgarejo P. (ed.), Martínez-Nicolás J.J. (ed.), Martínez-Tomé J. (ed.). Production, processing and marketing of pomegranate in the Mediterranean region: Advances in research and technology. Options Méditerranéennes, Série A. Séminaires Méditerranéens: n. 42). pp. 55-62. en ligne au CIHEAM.
  • Mars, Messaoud, 2001. Le grenadier (Punica granatum L.). Thèse Montpellier.
  • Morton, Julia F., 1987. Fruits of warm climates. Miami. Pomegranate : pp. 352–355. en ligne à New Crop Purdue.
  • Mure, Véronique, 2013. Le grenadier et la balustre… Botanique, Jardins, Paysages.
  • Popenoe, Wilson, 1974. Manual of tropical and subtropical fruits. Excluding the banana, coconut, pineapple, citrus frits and fig. Ed. 1 : 1920, Macmillan Company. Reprint 1974, Hafner. Grenadier : pp 375-383.
  • Rollet, Bernard et coll., 2010. Arbres des Petites Antilles. Tome 1 : Introduction à la dendrologie. 276 p. Tome 2 : Description des espèces. 866 p. + 46 pl. coul. + CD de photos sur l'anatomie du bois. Basse-Terre, ONF. Voir sur Pl@ntUse.
  • Seeram, Navindra P., Schulman, Risa N. & Heber, David, 2006. Pomegranates: Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. CRC Press. (Medicinal and Aromatic Plants – Industrial Profiles).

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