Litchi chinensis
Litchi chinensis Sonn.
| Ordre | Sapindales |
|---|---|
| Famille | Sapindaceae |
| Genre | Litchi |
2n = 28, 30 ou 32
Origine : sud de la Chine,
nord du Vietnam et de la Malaisie
sauvage ou cultivé
| Français | litchi |
|---|---|
| Anglais | litchi |
- arille du fruit comestible
- bois d'œuvre
- arbre d'ombrage
- médicinal : graines, fleurs, épiderme du fruit, écorce, racine
Sommaire
Description
arbre
troncs
feuille pennée
fleurs
fruits verts
- Litchi chinensis on white background.jpg
fruits
fruits décortiqués
noyaux
_at_Samsing,_Duars,_West_Bengal_W2_IMG_6504.jpg)
Noms populaires
| français | litchi |
| anglais | litchi, lychee |
| allemand | Litchipflaume |
| néerlandais | litchi |
| italien | lici |
| espagnol | lichi, litchi, ojo de dragón |
| portugais | lichia |
| chinois | 荔枝 - lì zhī (Flora of China) ; li-kuo |
| Philippines | letsias (PROSEA) |
| Indonésie | litsi (indonéesien), klèngkeng (javanais), kalèngkeng (madurais) (PROSEA) |
| Malaysia | laici, kelengkang (PROSEA) |
| Thaïlande | linchee, litchi, see raaman (Chantaburi) (PROSEA) |
| Vietnam | vai, cây vai, tu hú (PROSEA) |
| Laos | ngèèw (PROSEA) |
| Cambodge | kuléén (PROSEA) |
| Birmanie | kyet-mouk, lin chi, lam yai (PROSEA) |
Classification
Litchi chinensis Sonn. (1782)
synonymes :
- Dimocarpus litchi Lour. (1790)
- Nephelium litchi Cambess. (1829)
Cultivars
Histoire
Michał Boym, 1656. Flora Sinensis
Descourtilz, 1827. Flore médicale des Antilles
_(7795699394).jpg)
- Boym, Michał, 1696. Flora Sinensis. Paris, 15 p. Seconde édition en français. Voir Li-ci sur Pl@ntUse.
Usages
In subtropical and tropical monsoon areas of SE Asia much cultivated for the fruits which have a fleshy, juicy, sweet-subacid, distinctly flavoured aril. They are eaten fresh, dried or canned, used in jams, sauces, salads, ice-cream or drinks. The juice can be used to flavour tea. More rarely grown as fruit tree in Africa, Australia and Central America, and also as shade tree. The smooth fruits of lowland-grown "water lychee" are commonly preferred to the rather prickly fruits of "mountain lychee" grown in the hills. The seeds are not edible. They are powdered and used for medicinal purposes because of some analgetic effect and adstringency. Decoctions of the root, bark and flowers are gargled to alleviate ailments of the throat. Native to southern China and known under cultivation for approximately 2.000 years (monographed as early as in 1059 AD). The crop reached India as well as West India in the 18th cent. spreading afterwards into nearly all tropical regions. The tree needs temperatures below 14°C for flower bud differentiation and does not tolerate temperatures below 0°C.
Références
- Chauvet, Michel, 2018. Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 678)
- Elevitch, Craig (ed.), 2011. Specialty Crops for Pacific Islands: horticulture, value-added processing, and marketing. Holualoa, Hawai'i, Permanent Agriculture Resources. 576 p., 940 photos. Agroforestry télécharger le pdf
- Menzel, Christopher, 2002. The Lychee Crop in Asia and the Pacific. FAO, Bangkok. en ligne à la FAO
- Rollet, Bernard et coll., 2010. Arbres des Petites Antilles. Tome 1 : Introduction à la dendrologie. 276 p. Tome 2 : Description des espèces. 866 p. + 46 pl. coul. + CD de photos sur l'anatomie du bois. Basse-Terre, ONF. Voir sur Pl@ntUse.
