Persea americana
Persea americana Mill.
| Ordre | Laurales |
|---|---|
| Famille | Lauraceae |
| Genre | Persea |
2n =
Origine : Mexique, Amérique centrale
sauvage ou cultivé
| Français | avocatier / avocat |
|---|---|
| Anglais | avocado |
- fruit consommé habituellement comme légume
- huile de la pulpe alimzentaire et cosmétique
- graine : source d'encre noire
Sommaire
Description
arbre
nouvelles feuilles
fleurs
fleurs
fruit de 'Hass'
Noms populaires
| français | avocatier / avocat |
| créole antillais | pyé zaboka / zaboka (TRAMIL) |
| anglais | avocado ; alligator pear |
| allemand | Avocado, Aguacate |
| néerlandais | avocado |
| espagnol | aguacate (Mexique) ; palta (Equateur, Pérou, Chili, Argentine) ; cura (Colombie) ; avocado (Antilles) |
| portugais | abacateiro / abacate |
| italien | avocato, avocado |
| créole haïtien | zaboca |
| nahuatl | ahuacaquahuitl / ahuacatl |
| chibcha | cura |
| quechua | palta |
| Indonésie | adpukat, avokad (PROSEA) |
| Malaysia | avokado, apukado (PROSEA) |
| Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée | bata (pidgin) (PROSEA) |
| Philippines | avocado (PROSEA) |
| Cambodge | 'avôkaa (PROSEA) |
| Thaïlande | awokado (PROSEA) |
| Vietnam | bo', lê dâù (PROSEA) |
Classification
Persea americana Mill. (1768)
synonymes :
- Laurus persea L. (1753)
- Persea gratissima Gaertn. f. (1807)
- Persea drymifolia Schlecht. et Cham. (1831)
- Persea nubigena L. O. Williams (1950)
Cultivars
Voir la collection USDA Pomological Watercolors of avocados
Groupe Antillais
synonymes :
- Groupe West Indian Group
- Persea americana Mill. var. americana
Groupe Guatémaltèque
synonymes :
- Guatemalan Group
- Persea nubigena L. O. Williams var. guatemalensis L. O. Williams (1977)
- Persea americana Mill. var. guatemalensis (L. O. Williams) Scora (2002), nom. inval.
Groupe Mexicain
synonymes :
- Mexican Group
- Persea drymifolia Schltdl. & Cham. (1831)
- Persea americana Mill. var. drymifolia (Schltdl. & Cham.) S. F. Blake (1920)
Histoire
Dietrich, 1828, Flora medica, pl. 42
Laurier avocatier, Descourtilz, Flore médicale des Antilles, 1829, 8:579
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Usages
This species, already cultivated in prehistoric time, was distributed previously to the beginning of the Spanish conquest from Mexico to Peru (in South America only in the region of the Andes). At present it is cultivated worldwide in the tropical and subtropical countries. Considerable production areas are in Mexico, Israel, South Africa, USA (California, Florida, Hawaiian Isl.), Dominican Republic, Chile, Brazil, Argentina, Australia. The avocado belongs to the most appreciated fruit-trees of the world. It is cultivated for the oily fruits, which are characterized by a high nutritive value and good digestibility. About 75% of the whole fruit consists of a tasty pulp, which contains up to 30% of fatty oil. The fruit represents an important component of the food in Central America, the West Indies and in northern South America. It is eaten raw or used salted as salad, it is also eaten mixed with other fruits and vegetables or sweetened in icecream and milk drinks and also used acidified by vinegar as spread. The tasty oil, characterized by a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, is highly esteemed as cooking-oil and baking-oil. The oil of the pulp and the seeds serves the manufacturing of cosmetic and pharmaceutic products. The seeds furnish a black sap, used as indelible ink.
Références
- Bekele-Tesemma, Azene, 2007. Useful trees and shrubs for Ethiopia. Identification, propagation and management for 17 agroclimatic zones. Nairobi, ICRAF - RELMA. 550 p. (Technical Manual 6). Voir l'article
- Calabrese, Francesco, 1989. L'avocado. Bologna, Edagricole. 219 p. (Col. Frutticoltura moderna).
- Chauvet, Michel, 2018. Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 368)
- Gutiérrez-Díez, Adriana et al., 2015. Genetic Diversity of Mexican Avocado in Nuevo Leon, Mexico. in Mahmut Caliskan, Guul Cevahir Oz, I. Halil Kavakli and Birguul Ozcan, Molecular Approaches to Genetic Diversity. doi:10.5772/59795
- Rollet, Bernard et coll., 2010. Arbres des Petites Antilles. Tome 1 : Introduction à la dendrologie. 276 p. Tome 2 : Description des espèces. 866 p. + 46 pl. coul. + CD de photos sur l'anatomie du bois. Basse-Terre, ONF. Voir sur Pl@ntUse.
- Storey,W. B. ; Bergh, B. & Zentmyer, G.A., 1986. The Origin, Indigenous Range, and Dissemination of the Avocado. California Avocado Society Yearbook, 70 : 127-133. carte de répartition.
- TRAMIL, Pharmacopée végétale caribéenne, éd. scient. L. Germosén-Robineau. 2014. 3e éd. Santo Domingo, Canopé de Guadeloupe. 420 p. Voir sur Pl@ntUse
