Persea americana : Différence entre versions
(7 révisions intermédiaires par le même utilisateur non affichées) | |||
Ligne 1 : | Ligne 1 : | ||
{{Page espèce (plante à graines) | {{Page espèce (plante à graines) | ||
− | |image = | + | |image = Avocado.jpeg |
|légende = | |légende = | ||
|auteur = Mill. | |auteur = Mill. | ||
Ligne 15 : | Ligne 15 : | ||
|titre=Résumé des usages | |titre=Résumé des usages | ||
|texte=*fruit consommé habituellement comme légume | |texte=*fruit consommé habituellement comme légume | ||
+ | *huile de la pulpe alimzentaire et cosmétique | ||
+ | *graine : source d'encre noire | ||
}} | }} | ||
== Description == | == Description == | ||
+ | <gallery mode=packed> | ||
+ | File:Persea americana jpg..JPG|arbre | ||
+ | File:Persea americana new foliage 2.JPG|nouvelles feuilles | ||
+ | File:Persea americana flowers 2.JPG|fleurs | ||
+ | File:Persea americana flowers-2.jpg|fleurs | ||
+ | File:Hass avocado -white background.jpg|fruit de 'Hass' | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
== Noms populaires == | == Noms populaires == | ||
Ligne 22 : | Ligne 31 : | ||
| français | | français | ||
| avocatier / avocat | | avocatier / avocat | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | créole antillais | ||
+ | | pyé zaboka / zaboka (TRAMIL) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| anglais | | anglais | ||
Ligne 85 : | Ligne 97 : | ||
== Cultivars == | == Cultivars == | ||
+ | Voir la collection [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:USDA_Pomological_Watercolors_of_avocados USDA Pomological Watercolors of avocados] | ||
+ | |||
=== Groupe Antillais === | === Groupe Antillais === | ||
synonymes : | synonymes : | ||
Ligne 103 : | Ligne 117 : | ||
== Histoire == | == Histoire == | ||
+ | <gallery mode=packed> | ||
+ | File:Flora medica, oder, Abbildung der wichtigsten officinellen Pflanzen (Pl. 042) (6031976663).jpg|Dietrich, 1828, ''Flora medica'', pl. 42 | ||
+ | File:Flore médicale des Antilles, ou, Traité des plantes usuelles (10559083164).jpg|Laurier avocatier, Descourtilz, ''Flore médicale des Antilles'', 1829, 8:579 | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
== Usages == | == Usages == | ||
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tMVS6R1CfI&t vidéo : Avocat : la précieuse production corse] | *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tMVS6R1CfI&t vidéo : Avocat : la précieuse production corse] | ||
+ | {{Citation encadré | ||
+ | |texte=This species, already cultivated in prehistoric time, was distributed previously to the beginning of the Spanish conquest from Mexico to Peru (in South America only in the region of the Andes). At present it is cultivated worldwide in the tropical and subtropical countries. Considerable production areas are in Mexico, Israel, South Africa, USA (California, Florida, Hawaiian Isl.), Dominican Republic, Chile, Brazil, Argentina, Australia. The avocado belongs to the most appreciated fruit-trees of the world. It is cultivated for the oily fruits, which are characterized by a high nutritive value and good digestibility. About 75% of the whole fruit consists of a tasty pulp, which contains up to 30% of fatty oil. The fruit represents an important component of the food in Central America, the West Indies and in northern South America. It is eaten raw or used salted as salad, it is also eaten mixed with other fruits and vegetables or sweetened in icecream and milk drinks and also used acidified by vinegar as spread. The tasty oil, characterized by a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, is highly esteemed as cooking-oil and baking-oil. The oil of the pulp and the seeds serves the manufacturing of cosmetic and pharmaceutic products. The seeds furnish a black sap, used as indelible ink. | ||
+ | |auteur =Mansfeld. | ||
+ | }} | ||
== Références == | == Références == | ||
Ligne 114 : | Ligne 136 : | ||
*Rollet, Bernard et coll., 2010. ''Arbres des Petites Antilles''. Tome 1 : ''Introduction à la dendrologie''. 276 p. Tome 2 : ''Description des espèces''. 866 p. + 46 pl. coul. + CD de photos sur l'anatomie du bois. Basse-Terre, ONF. Voir [[Persea americana (Rollet, Antilles)|sur Pl@ntUse]]. | *Rollet, Bernard et coll., 2010. ''Arbres des Petites Antilles''. Tome 1 : ''Introduction à la dendrologie''. 276 p. Tome 2 : ''Description des espèces''. 866 p. + 46 pl. coul. + CD de photos sur l'anatomie du bois. Basse-Terre, ONF. Voir [[Persea americana (Rollet, Antilles)|sur Pl@ntUse]]. | ||
*Storey,W. B. ; Bergh, B. & Zentmyer, G.A., 1986. The Origin, Indigenous Range, and Dissemination of the Avocado. ''California Avocado Society Yearbook'', '''70''' : 127-133. carte de répartition. | *Storey,W. B. ; Bergh, B. & Zentmyer, G.A., 1986. The Origin, Indigenous Range, and Dissemination of the Avocado. ''California Avocado Society Yearbook'', '''70''' : 127-133. carte de répartition. | ||
+ | *TRAMIL, ''Pharmacopée végétale caribéenne'', éd. scient. L. Germosén-Robineau. 2014. 3e éd. Santo Domingo, Canopé de Guadeloupe. 420 p. Voir sur [[Persea americana (TRAMIL)|Pl@ntUse]] | ||
== Liens == | == Liens == | ||
Ligne 122 : | Ligne 145 : | ||
*[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=27393 GRIN] | *[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=27393 GRIN] | ||
*[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Persea%20americana&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html IPNI] | *[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Persea%20americana&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html IPNI] | ||
− | *[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/ | + | *[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/apex/f?p=185:46:10678441975895::NO::module,mf_use,source,akzanz,rehm,akzname,taxid:mf,,botnam,0,,Persea%20americana,15043 Mansfeld] |
*[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Persea.html Multilingual Plant Name Database] | *[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Persea.html Multilingual Plant Name Database] | ||
*[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/nexus/Persea_americana_nex.html NewCrop Purdue] | *[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/nexus/Persea_americana_nex.html NewCrop Purdue] |
Version actuelle en date du 25 juillet 2021 à 11:36
Persea americana Mill.
Ordre | Laurales |
---|---|
Famille | Lauraceae |
Genre | Persea |
2n =
Origine : Mexique, Amérique centrale
sauvage ou cultivé
Français | avocatier / avocat |
---|---|
Anglais | avocado |
- fruit consommé habituellement comme légume
- huile de la pulpe alimzentaire et cosmétique
- graine : source d'encre noire
Sommaire
Description
Noms populaires
français | avocatier / avocat |
créole antillais | pyé zaboka / zaboka (TRAMIL) |
anglais | avocado ; alligator pear |
allemand | Avocado, Aguacate |
néerlandais | avocado |
espagnol | aguacate (Mexique) ; palta (Equateur, Pérou, Chili, Argentine) ; cura (Colombie) ; avocado (Antilles) |
portugais | abacateiro / abacate |
italien | avocato, avocado |
créole haïtien | zaboca |
nahuatl | ahuacaquahuitl / ahuacatl |
chibcha | cura |
quechua | palta |
Indonésie | adpukat, avokad (PROSEA) |
Malaysia | avokado, apukado (PROSEA) |
Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée | bata (pidgin) (PROSEA) |
Philippines | avocado (PROSEA) |
Cambodge | 'avôkaa (PROSEA) |
Thaïlande | awokado (PROSEA) |
Vietnam | bo', lê dâù (PROSEA) |
Classification
Persea americana Mill. (1768)
synonymes :
- Laurus persea L. (1753)
- Persea gratissima Gaertn. f. (1807)
- Persea drymifolia Schlecht. et Cham. (1831)
- Persea nubigena L. O. Williams (1950)
Cultivars
Voir la collection USDA Pomological Watercolors of avocados
Groupe Antillais
synonymes :
- Groupe West Indian Group
- Persea americana Mill. var. americana
Groupe Guatémaltèque
synonymes :
- Guatemalan Group
- Persea nubigena L. O. Williams var. guatemalensis L. O. Williams (1977)
- Persea americana Mill. var. guatemalensis (L. O. Williams) Scora (2002), nom. inval.
Groupe Mexicain
synonymes :
- Mexican Group
- Persea drymifolia Schltdl. & Cham. (1831)
- Persea americana Mill. var. drymifolia (Schltdl. & Cham.) S. F. Blake (1920)
Histoire
Usages
This species, already cultivated in prehistoric time, was distributed previously to the beginning of the Spanish conquest from Mexico to Peru (in South America only in the region of the Andes). At present it is cultivated worldwide in the tropical and subtropical countries. Considerable production areas are in Mexico, Israel, South Africa, USA (California, Florida, Hawaiian Isl.), Dominican Republic, Chile, Brazil, Argentina, Australia. The avocado belongs to the most appreciated fruit-trees of the world. It is cultivated for the oily fruits, which are characterized by a high nutritive value and good digestibility. About 75% of the whole fruit consists of a tasty pulp, which contains up to 30% of fatty oil. The fruit represents an important component of the food in Central America, the West Indies and in northern South America. It is eaten raw or used salted as salad, it is also eaten mixed with other fruits and vegetables or sweetened in icecream and milk drinks and also used acidified by vinegar as spread. The tasty oil, characterized by a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, is highly esteemed as cooking-oil and baking-oil. The oil of the pulp and the seeds serves the manufacturing of cosmetic and pharmaceutic products. The seeds furnish a black sap, used as indelible ink.
Références
- Bekele-Tesemma, Azene, 2007. Useful trees and shrubs for Ethiopia. Identification, propagation and management for 17 agroclimatic zones. Nairobi, ICRAF - RELMA. 550 p. (Technical Manual 6). Voir l'article
- Calabrese, Francesco, 1989. L'avocado. Bologna, Edagricole. 219 p. (Col. Frutticoltura moderna).
- Chauvet, Michel, 2018. Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 368)
- Gutiérrez-Díez, Adriana et al., 2015. Genetic Diversity of Mexican Avocado in Nuevo Leon, Mexico. in Mahmut Caliskan, Guul Cevahir Oz, I. Halil Kavakli and Birguul Ozcan, Molecular Approaches to Genetic Diversity. doi:10.5772/59795
- Rollet, Bernard et coll., 2010. Arbres des Petites Antilles. Tome 1 : Introduction à la dendrologie. 276 p. Tome 2 : Description des espèces. 866 p. + 46 pl. coul. + CD de photos sur l'anatomie du bois. Basse-Terre, ONF. Voir sur Pl@ntUse.
- Storey,W. B. ; Bergh, B. & Zentmyer, G.A., 1986. The Origin, Indigenous Range, and Dissemination of the Avocado. California Avocado Society Yearbook, 70 : 127-133. carte de répartition.
- TRAMIL, Pharmacopée végétale caribéenne, éd. scient. L. Germosén-Robineau. 2014. 3e éd. Santo Domingo, Canopé de Guadeloupe. 420 p. Voir sur Pl@ntUse