Modifications

== aeus -a -um = aculum ===-aeus -a -um aculum (n. II) : indicates 'belonging to' an instrument or means ; noun verb base ; e.g. ''europaeusretinaculum'', European hold fast, tether (from ''Europaretinere'', Europeto hold back, retain).

== eus -a -um = ago ===-ĕus -a -um ago (f. III) : indicates 'possessed by' resemblance or belonging to connexion ; noun base; e.g. ''plumbago'', usually kind of lead (from plumbum, lead). According to Ernout (1941) the name ending -go originally indicated a force doing something, as in ''vertigo'', then a change of state or a person ; state or tendency or malady, e.g. ''giganteusrobigo''(state of being red, buge tendency to become red, hence iron-rust), ''aerugo'' (from rust of copper), and thus it became a word-forming element to indicate possession of a property, e.g. ''gigaslactago''(herb with milky juice), giantor resemblance, e.g. ''ferulago'' (inferior or lesser kind of ''ferula''), ''cunilago'' (a kind of ''cunila'').*''Plantago''

== icus -a -um = aria ===-icus -a -um : indicates 'belonging to' ; noun base ; earia.gnon cité par Stearn. *''arcticusFragaria'', arctic (from ''Arctos'', the Great Bear constellation).

== ineus -a -um = arium ===-ineus -a -um arium (n. II) : indicates material a place where something is done or coloura container ; e.g. ''coccineusherbarium'', scarlet collection of dried plants (from herba, herb), ''coccusovarium'' ; see Chapter XVIII, ovary (from ovum, egg).

== inus -a -um = aster ===-inus aster (m. II), -a astra (f. I), -um : astrum (n. II); indicates material inferiority or colour, incomplete resemblance or possession , hence often applied to the wild equivalent of a cultivated plant ; noun base ; e.g. ''hyalinusoleaster'', transparent the wild olive (from ''hyalosolea'', glassolive) ; cf. Seck & Schnorr (1884).

== iticus -a -um = bulum ===-iticus bulum (n. II), -a -um : bula (f. I); indicates fitness an instrument or capability for sometbing or possession ofmeans; verb base ;e.g. involucrum, wrapper, involucre (from in volvere, wrap up, envelop).

== ius -a -um = cellus ===-ius cellus (m. II), -a cella (f. I), -um ceUum (n. II) ; -cillus (m. II), -cilla (f. I), -cillum (n. II) ; -culus (m. II), -cula (f. n, -culum (n. II) ; -ellus (m. II), -ella (f. I), -ellum (n. II) ; -illus (m. II), -illa (f. I), -illum (n. II) : diminutive ; e.g. 'characteristic of' ; noun basecuticula'', cuticle (from ''cutis'', skin), ''lamella'', small plate, gill (from ''lamina'', plate, blade), ''pedicellus'', pedicel (from ''pes'', foot). The suffixes -ulus, etc., -ellus, etc., and -illus, etc., form compounds with nouns of the First Declension, -culus, etc., with those of the Third and Fourth Declensions, -cellus, etc., and -cillus, etc., with any declension.

-etum (n. II) : indicates collective place of growtb, bence plant association ;noun base; e.g. quercetum, oak-wood (from quercus, oak) ; cf. Mayer(1954).  -ies (f. V) : indicates a thing formed ; verb base; e.g. series, row (fromserere, to put in a row).  -io (f. III): indicates the abstract or general result of an action; verb base;e.g. co!lectio, a collecting together (from col!igere, to gather together).  -itas (f. III), -itia (f. I), -itics (f. III), -itudo (f. III) : indicates a concept or quality: adjectival or participai base; e.g. affinitas, relationship (from affinis, bordering), duritia, hardness (from durus, hard), longitudo, length (from longus, long), crassities, thickness (from crassus, thick).  -orium (m. II) : indicates place of work or action ; verb base; e.g. laboratorium, laboratory (from laborare, to work, from labor, toil).  -ugo (f. III) : indicates a substance or property possessed ; noun or adjectivebase ; e.g. asperugo a prickly plant (from asper, rough), lanugo, down(from lana, wool) ; cf. -aga above, p. 305.  -ullus (m. II), -ula (f. I), -ulum (n. II) : diminutive ; noun base of First orSecond declension nouns ; e.g. capsula, a small box, capsule (from capsa,box). -ura (f. I) : indicates the result of an action ; verb base ; e.g. incisura,incision (from incidere, to eut into). == otus '''Suffixes d'adjectifs'''== -abilis -is -e : see below under -bilis.  -aceus -a -um ==: indicates resemblance ; noun base ; e.g. coriaceus, leathery(from corium, leather), rosaceus, rose-otus like (from rosa, rose).  -alis -is -e: belonging or pertaining to ; noun base; e.g. dorsalis, dorsal(from dorsum, back), autumnalis, autumnal (from autumnus, autumn).  -aneus -a -um : indicates resemblance or material out of which something ismade; noun base; e.g. cutaneus, relating to the skin (from cutis, skin).  -anus -a -um : indicates position, connexion or possession by; noun base ; e.g. africanus, African (from A/rica), montanus, relating to mountains(from mons, mountain), c/usianus, belonging to Clusius (from Charlesde l'Écluse).  -aris -is -e: a variant of -alis used after stems ending in 1; · e.g. ste/laris, starry(from stella, star), avicularis, relating to small birds (from avicu/a,diminutive of avis, bird).  -arius -a -um : indicates connexion or possession ; noun or numeral base ;e.g. arenarius, pertainjng to sand (from arena, sand), primarius, chief(from primus, the first).  -ascens : indicates process of becoming, bence incomplete manifestation ;noun or adjectival base; e.g. purpurascens, becoming purple, purplish(from purpureus, purple).  -aticus -a -um : indicates place of growth ; noun base ; e.g. sylvaticus,belonging to woods (from silva, wood).  -atilis -is -e : indicates place of growth ; noun base ; e.g. saxatilis, dwellingamong rocks (from saxum, rock).  -atus -a -um: (l) indicates possession or likeness; noun base ; e.g. capilatus,with a head (from caput, head), ovatus, egg-shaped (from ovum, egg);(2) perfect participai ending of verbs of First Conjugation, indicating anaction made or done; e.g. fucatus, coloured (from fucare, to colour).  -ax : uncornmon ending with sense of 'lepidotusinclining to and apt to'; verb base ;e.g. tenax , gripping, tenacious, tough (from tenere , to hold) ;fuga.x , apt toflee , fleeting , withering or falling quickly (fromfugere, to flee) .-bills -is -e: indicates capacity or ability; verb base; it becomes -abilis withverbs having the infinitive in -are and -ibilis with those in -ere and -ire;e.g. variabilis, able to change (from variare, to change); j/exibilis,bendable (from..flectere, to bend).  -bundus -a -um : indicates doing, like a present participle, or action accomplished; verb base ; e.g . .floribundus, ftowering, full of flowers (from/forere, to flower).  -cellus -a -um, -cillus -a -um, -cuJus -a -um, -ellus -a -um : diminutive ; adjectivalbase ; e.g. pi/osiusculus, slightly pilose (from pilosus, pilose, frompilus , hair), rubellus , reddjsh (from ruber, red).  -cundus -a -um : indicates an aptitude or constant tendency; e.g. f ecundusfruitful, verecundus, bashful ; cf. Beneviste (1933).  -ensis -is -e : indicates country or place of growth or origin or else habitat;noun base ; e.g. bononiensis, relating to Bononia (now Bologna),pratensis, growing in meadows (from pratum, meadow).  -escens -is -e : indicates process of becoming, hence not fully achieved resemblance,often expressed in English by the termination '-ish' ; verbbase, scaly usually itself with a noun or adjectival base; e.g. senescens, becomingaged (from senescere, to grow old, from senex, old), rubescens,reddening, reddish (from rubescere, to grow red, from ruber, red).  -estris (-ester) -is -e : indicates place of growth; noun base ; e.g. rupestris,dwelling among rocks (from rupes, rock). After u the e is dropped, e.g.lacustris, dwelling in Îakes (from lacus, lake).  -êus -a -um : indicates material or col our or resemblance in quality ; nounbase; e.g. mel/eus, pertaining to honey (from mel, honey), purpureus,purple (from purpura, the mollusc yielding a purple dye ; cf. ChapterXVIII). This should not be confused with the Greek -ëus meaning'belonging to'lepisor 'noted for', scalee.g. giganteus, belonging to the giants,bence gigantic.  -ibilis -is -e : see above under -bills.  -icans : indicates process of becoming or resemblance sometimes so close asto be almost identical ; participai suffix with verb base from noun base ;e.g. nigricQ11S, blackish (from nigricare, to be blackish, from niger, black).-icius -a -um, -itius -a -um : indicates result of an action ; verb base ; adventicius,come from abroad, foreign, out of the ordinary (from advenire, tocome, arrive); cf. WôlfHin (1888).  -idus -a -um : indicates a state or an action in progress ; verb, noun oradjectival base; e.g. albidus, whitish (from a/bus, white), nitidus,shining, polished (from nitere, to shine).  -ilis -is -e: indicates capacity or ability, bence a property or quality; verbbase; e.g.fragilis, easily broken (ultimately from frangere, to break).  -illus -a -um: diminutive, like -cellus; see above.  -ineus -a -um : indicates material or colour or close resemblance, like -eusabove ; noun base.  -Jnus -a -um: indicates possession or resemblance; noun base; e.g. marinus,belonging to the sea (from mare, sea), ovinus, belonging to sheep (fromovis, sheep), ursinus, belonging to a bear, shaggy like a bear (fromursus, bear). This cornes close to the Greek tvo>, Latinized as inus,indicating material or colour, bence possession or resemblance, e.g.hyacinthinus, of or belonging to the hyacinth (from hyacinthus, hyacinth,Hyacinthos, pre-Greek name in Greek mythology).  -ius -a -um: means 'characteristic of', bence indicates connexion or resemblance;noun base ; e.g. regius, royal (from rex, king).  -ivus -a -um : indicates capacity, ability, possession by or property of; verbor noun base ; e.g. sensitivus, capable of feeling (from sen tire, to feel).  -izans: means 'becoming like, resembling, forming' ; noun base ; e.g.graecizans, imitating the Greeks (from Graeci, the Greeks).  -oideus -a -um : indicates resemblance ; no un base ; see -oides below (p. 31 0).  -olentus -a -um : see -ulentus below.  -orius -a -um: indicates capability, action, or function; verb base; e.g.tinctorius, belonging to dyeing (from tingere, to soak in colour).  -osus -a -um: indicates abundance or full or marked development; nounbase; e.g. venosus, full of veins (from vena, vein); cf. Ernout (1949).  -ulentus -a -um, -olentus -a -um : indicates abundance or full or markeddevelopment ; noun base; e.g. succulent us, full of juice, succulent (fromsuccus or sucus, juice) ; vinolentus, full of wine, drunk (from vinum,wine) ; cf. Ernout (1949) Szemerényi (1954).  -ulus -a -um: (1) diminutive ; adjectival base; e.g. hispidulus, minutelyhispid (from hispidus, bristly) ; (2) indicates a tendency or action ; verbbase; e.g. pendu/us, hanging down (from pendere, to suspend).  -utus -a -um: indicates possession ; noun base; e.g. cornu tus, horned (fromcornu, horn).  -uus -a -um : indicates possibility or result of action; verb base, rarely nounbase ; e.g. deciduus, falling off (from decidere, to fall down).