Armoracia rusticana : Différence entre versions

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|image = Image non disponible.JPG
 
|image = Image non disponible.JPG
 
|légende =  
 
|légende =  
−
|auteur =  
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|auteur = <br>G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb.
 
|ordre = Brassicales
 
|ordre = Brassicales
 
|famille = Brassicaceae
 
|famille = Brassicaceae
 
|genre = Armoracia
 
|genre = Armoracia
 
|nb chromosomes = 2n =  
 
|nb chromosomes = 2n =  
−
|origine =  
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|origine = nord-est de l'Europe
 
|statut = sauvage et cultivé
 
|statut = sauvage et cultivé
 
|français = '''raifort'''
 
|français = '''raifort'''
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File:Armoracia rusticana PROSEA linedrawing.png|1, plante en fleurs ; 2, racine principale ; 3, partie d'inflorescence ; 4, fleur ; 5, étamines; 6, fruit immature (PROSEA)
 
File:Armoracia rusticana PROSEA linedrawing.png|1, plante en fleurs ; 2, racine principale ; 3, partie d'inflorescence ; 4, fleur ; 5, étamines; 6, fruit immature (PROSEA)
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
 +
Plante vivace, verte, à souche renflée-charnue, stolonifère
 +
- tige d'environ 1 mètre, dressée, robuste, creuse, sillonnée, rameuse dans le haut
 +
- feuilles radicales très grandes, ovales-oblongues, crénelées, les caulinaires inférieures parfois pennatifides, les supérieures lancéolées, sessiles, non auriculées
 +
- fleurs grandes
 +
- sépales dressés
 +
- pétales un peu plus longs que le calice
 +
- filets des étamines droits et divergents
 +
- grappe fructifère longue et lâche, à pédicelles 4-5 fois plus longs que les silicules subglobuleuses
 +
- graines à peu près lisses.
  
 
== Noms populaires ==
 
== Noms populaires ==
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| hongrois
 
| hongrois
 
| torma (Roumanie)
 
| torma (Roumanie)
 +
|-
 +
| chinois
 +
| 辣根 - la gen (Flora of China)
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
== Classification ==
 
== Classification ==
−
''Armoracia rusticana'' Gärtn., Meyer & Scherb. (1800)
+
''Armoracia rusticana'' G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. (1800)
  
 
synonymes :
 
synonymes :
Ligne 81 : Ligne 93 :
  
 
== Usages ==
 
== Usages ==
 +
{{Citation encadré
 +
|texte=Presumably indigenous in the E and SE European parts of the former Soviet Union, but today widespread and naturalized in Europe, also often introduced to other continents. It is cultivated at many places within the temperate zones of the Old and New World, mainly in Europe and North America, more seldom in the mountains of the tropics. It is mostly grown on small plots in house or abbey gardens for both culinary and medicinal uses, more seldom large scaled production can be found in Germany in centres like Upper Franconia, Thuringia and the Spreewald (firstly documented in 1569), the Mississippi-valley, Wisconsin and California in North America or in South Africa. The peeled and grated taproots are eaten raw, mixed with salt, vinegar and oil. As a hot spice it is mainly eaten together with meat and fish dishes. But this species is also used as a medicinal plant and sometimes it is cultivated only for its leaves. It has been known and perhaps also cultivated since ancient times; for Central Europe cultivation had been documented since the 12th cent., to where it was brought by Slavic tribes. With exception of recent cultivars an extremely seed-sterile species obviously of hybridogenic origin. Further information about the variability are given by Rhodes ''et al.'' (1969).
 +
|auteur =Mansfeld.
 +
}}
 
*Voir les [[Raifort (Cazin 1868)#Raifort sauvage|''Plantes médicinales'' de Cazin (1868)]]
 
*Voir les [[Raifort (Cazin 1868)#Raifort sauvage|''Plantes médicinales'' de Cazin (1868)]]
  
Ligne 87 : Ligne 103 :
 
== Références ==
 
== Références ==
 
*Chauvet, Michel, 2018. ''[[Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires]]''. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 165)
 
*Chauvet, Michel, 2018. ''[[Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires]]''. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 165)
 +
*Courter, J. W. & Rhodes, A. M., 1969. Historical notes on horseradish. ''Econ. Bot.'', '''23''' : 156-164.
 
*Dogan, Yunus ''et al.'', 2015. Of the importance of a leaf: The ethnobotany of sarma in Turkey and the Balkans. ''J. Ethnobiol. & Ethnomed.'', 11-26. [https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-015-0002-x doi : 10.1186/s13002-015-0002-x]
 
*Dogan, Yunus ''et al.'', 2015. Of the importance of a leaf: The ethnobotany of sarma in Turkey and the Balkans. ''J. Ethnobiol. & Ethnomed.'', 11-26. [https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-015-0002-x doi : 10.1186/s13002-015-0002-x]
 
*Dogan, Yunus ; Nedelcheva, Anely & Pieroni, Andrea, 2017. The diversity of plants used for the traditional dish sarma in Turkey: nature, garden and traditional cuisine in the modern era. ''Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture'', '''29''' (6) : 429-440. [https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2016-09-1238 doi: 10.9755/ejfa.2016-09-1238].
 
*Dogan, Yunus ; Nedelcheva, Anely & Pieroni, Andrea, 2017. The diversity of plants used for the traditional dish sarma in Turkey: nature, garden and traditional cuisine in the modern era. ''Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture'', '''29''' (6) : 429-440. [https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2016-09-1238 doi: 10.9755/ejfa.2016-09-1238].
 +
*Kotov, V. P., 1978. Chren. Leningrad, Kolos. 47 p.
 +
*Rhodes, A. M. ; Carmer, S. G. & Courter, J. W., 1969. Measurement and classification of genetic variability in horseradish. ''J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.'', '''94''' : 98-102.
  
 
== Liens ==
 
== Liens ==
Ligne 97 : Ligne 116 :
 
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200009237 Flora of North America]
 
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200009237 Flora of North America]
 
*[http://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/h/horrad38.html Grieve's herbal]
 
*[http://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/h/horrad38.html Grieve's herbal]
−
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?Armoracia%20rusticana GRIN]
+
*[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=4234 GRIN]
 
*[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Armoracia%20rusticana&amp;output_format=normal&amp;query_type=by_query&amp;back_page=query_ipni.html IPNI]
 
*[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Armoracia%20rusticana&amp;output_format=normal&amp;query_type=by_query&amp;back_page=query_ipni.html IPNI]
−
*[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:45:1329164412874601::NO::P7_BOTNAME,P7_DB_CHECKBOX1,P7_DB_CHECKBOX2,P7_DB_CHECKBOX4:Armoracia%20rusticana,,, Mansfeld]
+
*[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/apex/f?p=185:46:27547760866606::NO::module,mf_use,source,akzanz,rehm,akzname,taxid:mf,,botnam,0,,Armoracia%20rusticana,23561 Mansfeld]
 
*[http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl?searchstring=Armoracia%20rusticana Moerman, Native American Ethnobotany]
 
*[http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl?searchstring=Armoracia%20rusticana Moerman, Native American Ethnobotany]
 
*[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Armoracia.html Multilingual Plant Name Database]
 
*[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Armoracia.html Multilingual Plant Name Database]
Ligne 106 : Ligne 125 :
 
*[http://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Armoracia%20rusticana Plants for a future]
 
*[http://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Armoracia%20rusticana Plants for a future]
 
*[[:en:Armoracia rusticana (PROSEA)|PROSEA sur Pl@ntUse]]
 
*[[:en:Armoracia rusticana (PROSEA)|PROSEA sur Pl@ntUse]]
−
*[http://www.tela-botanica.org/page:eflore_bdtfx?referentiel=bdtfx&niveau=2&module=fiche&action=fiche&type_nom=nom_scientifique&nom=Armoracia%20rusticana Tela Botanica]
+
*[https://inpn.mnhn.fr/espece/cd_nom/83866 TAXREF]
 +
*[https://www.tela-botanica.org/bdtfx-nn-6636 Tela Botanica]
 
*[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Armoracia%20rusticana Useful Tropical Plants Database]
 
*[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Armoracia%20rusticana Useful Tropical Plants Database]
 
*[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armoracia%20rusticana Wikipédia]
 
*[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armoracia%20rusticana Wikipédia]

Version actuelle en date du 27 mars 2021 à 00:43

Armoracia rusticana
G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb.

alt=Description de l'image Image non disponible.JPG.
Ordre Brassicales
Famille Brassicaceae
Genre Armoracia

2n =

Origine : nord-est de l'Europe

sauvage et cultivé

Français raifort
Anglais horseradish


Résumé des usages
  • racine râpée en condiment
  • feuilles mangées en salade et en sarma


Description

  • 1, plante en fleurs ; 2, racine principale ; 3, partie d'inflorescence ; 4, fleur ; 5, étamines; 6, fruit immature (PROSEA)

Plante vivace, verte, à souche renflée-charnue, stolonifère - tige d'environ 1 mètre, dressée, robuste, creuse, sillonnée, rameuse dans le haut - feuilles radicales très grandes, ovales-oblongues, crénelées, les caulinaires inférieures parfois pennatifides, les supérieures lancéolées, sessiles, non auriculées - fleurs grandes - sépales dressés - pétales un peu plus longs que le calice - filets des étamines droits et divergents - grappe fructifère longue et lâche, à pédicelles 4-5 fois plus longs que les silicules subglobuleuses - graines à peu près lisses.

Noms populaires

français raifort ; cranson, moutarde des Allemands (vieux)
anglais horseradish, horse-radish
allemand Meerrettich ; Kren (est de l’Allemagne et Autriche)
néerlandais mierikswortel ; peperwortel (Belgique)
italien barbaforte, cren, rafano
espagnol rábano rusticano ; barbafuerte, taramago, cren (Argentine)
portugais rábão rústico
roumain hrean
polonais chrzan
russe khren
ukrainien hrin (Roumanie)
serbo-croate hren, kren, рен - ren (Bosnie-Herzégovine, Serbie)
bulgare рян - hrjan
hongrois torma (Roumanie)
chinois 辣根 - la gen (Flora of China)

Classification

Armoracia rusticana G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. (1800)

synonymes :

  • Cochlearia armoracia L. (1753)
  • Armoracia lapatifolia Gilib. (1782)
  • Armoracia sativa Bernh. (1800)
  • Armoracia lapathifolia auct.

Cultivars

Histoire

Usages

Presumably indigenous in the E and SE European parts of the former Soviet Union, but today widespread and naturalized in Europe, also often introduced to other continents. It is cultivated at many places within the temperate zones of the Old and New World, mainly in Europe and North America, more seldom in the mountains of the tropics. It is mostly grown on small plots in house or abbey gardens for both culinary and medicinal uses, more seldom large scaled production can be found in Germany in centres like Upper Franconia, Thuringia and the Spreewald (firstly documented in 1569), the Mississippi-valley, Wisconsin and California in North America or in South Africa. The peeled and grated taproots are eaten raw, mixed with salt, vinegar and oil. As a hot spice it is mainly eaten together with meat and fish dishes. But this species is also used as a medicinal plant and sometimes it is cultivated only for its leaves. It has been known and perhaps also cultivated since ancient times; for Central Europe cultivation had been documented since the 12th cent., to where it was brought by Slavic tribes. With exception of recent cultivars an extremely seed-sterile species obviously of hybridogenic origin. Further information about the variability are given by Rhodes et al. (1969).

Mansfeld.


En Turquie et dans les Balkans, les feuilles servent à envelopper des boulettes de viande, de riz ou de boulgour, appelées sarma. (Dogan et al., 2015, 2017).

Références

  • Chauvet, Michel, 2018. Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 165)
  • Courter, J. W. & Rhodes, A. M., 1969. Historical notes on horseradish. Econ. Bot., 23 : 156-164.
  • Dogan, Yunus et al., 2015. Of the importance of a leaf: The ethnobotany of sarma in Turkey and the Balkans. J. Ethnobiol. & Ethnomed., 11-26. doi : 10.1186/s13002-015-0002-x
  • Dogan, Yunus ; Nedelcheva, Anely & Pieroni, Andrea, 2017. The diversity of plants used for the traditional dish sarma in Turkey: nature, garden and traditional cuisine in the modern era. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 29 (6) : 429-440. doi: 10.9755/ejfa.2016-09-1238.
  • Kotov, V. P., 1978. Chren. Leningrad, Kolos. 47 p.
  • Rhodes, A. M. ; Carmer, S. G. & Courter, J. W., 1969. Measurement and classification of genetic variability in horseradish. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 94 : 98-102.

Liens

Récupérée de « https://uses.plantnet-project.org/f/index.php?title=Armoracia_rusticana&oldid=308805 »