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|english = '''sunflower'''
|french = '''tournesol'''
}}{{EncadréBox
|color=lightgreen
|title=Summary of uses
== Popular names ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
| english English
| sunflower
|-
| french French
| tournesol, soleil
|-
| germanGerman
| Sonnenblume
|-
| dutchDutch
| zonnebloem
|-
| italianItalian
| girasole
|-
| spanishSpanish
| girasol ; chimalate, acahual (Mexique)
|-
| catalanCatalan| gira-sol
|-
| portuguese Portuguese
| girassol
|-
| polishPolish
| słonecznik
|-
| russianRussian
| подсолнечник - podsolnečnik, подсолнух - podsolnuh
|}
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Chrysanthemum perunianum 295 Dodoens Florum 1568.png|Chrysanthemum perunianum ([[:fr:Dodoens, images du Florum et coronariarum|Dodoens 1568]])File:Chrysanth. perunianum 307 Dodoens Florum 1569.png|Chrysanth. perunianum ([[:fr:Dodoens, images du Florum et coronariarum|Dodoens 1569]])File:Chrysanthemum peruvianum 264 Dodoens 1583.png|Chrysanthemum peruvianum ([[:fr:Dodoens, images du Pemptades, 1583|Dodoens 1583]])
Herbe du soleil Duret 1605.png|Portraict de l'Herbe du Soleil de Monardes, p. 253. Claude Duret, 1605. ''Histoire admirable des plantes et herbes esmerueillables''
Petit soleil Duret 1605.png|Portraict de la fleur du Soleil petite, selon Lobelius, p. 254. Claude Duret, 1605. ''Histoire admirable des plantes et herbes esmerueillables''
=== Discovery of a male-sterility character in France ===
In the second half of the twentieth century, Europe (and France in particular) began to invest in the research of "metropolitan" oilseeds, because it could no longer count on colonial oils. In 1969, at the INRA research station in Clermont-Ferrand, the French scientist Patrice Leclercq discovered a cytoplasmic male sterility trait by hybridizing a sunflower with '' [[Helianthus petiolaris]] '' Nuttall. This event allowed an easy production of F1 hybrid seeds. This trait is now used all over the world, and global sunflower production has doubled since. Sunflowers has even returned to North America, to be cultivated as a cash crop for the first time.
Read [[:enfr:Piante da fiori d'ornamento (Targioni-Tozzetti, Cenni)#Helianthus annuus|Targioni-Tozzetti (1853)]], [[Gray & Trumbull, 1883. Review of DeCandolle's Origin of Cultivated Plants. Part 1#Helianthus annuus|Gray & Trumbull (1883)]] and [[Helianthus (Sturtevant, 1919)|Sturtevant (1919)]] articles.
== Uses ==
*Bonjean, Alain, 1993. ''Le tournesol''. Paris, Editions de l’Environnement. 242 p.
*Brown, Cecil H., 2008. A lack of linguistic evidence for domesticated sunflower in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. ''Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA'', '''105''' (30) : E47. [https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0804505105 doi : 10.1073/pnas.0804505105] et [https://www.pnas.org/content/105/30/E47 PBAS]. Signale que les noms de lentz sont tous motivés.
*Chauvet, Michel, 2018. ''[[:fr:Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires]]''. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 139)
*Fournier, Paul Victor, 1947-48. ''Le livre des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France''. Paris, Lechevalier. 3 vol., fig. t. 1 : Abricot à Coloquinte. 1947. LXXVIII-448 p; t. 2 : Consoude à Melon. 1948. 504 p; t. 3 : Menthe à Zacinthe. 1948. 636 p. (Encyclopédie biologique, 25, 31, 32).
*Harter, Abigail V. ; Gardner, Keith A. ; Falush, Daniel ; Lentz, David L. ; Bye, Robert A. & Rieseberg, Loren H., 2004. Origin of extant domesticated sunflowers in eastern North America. ''Nature'', '''430''': 201-205.
