Cratoxylum sumatranum (PROSEA)

Plant Resources of South-East Asia Introduction

List of species

Cratoxylum sumatranum (Jack) Blume

Protologue: Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 16 (1852).

Synonyms

• Cratoxylum celebicum Blume (1852),
• Cratoxylum clandestinum Blume (1852),
• Cratoxylum racemosum Blume (1852),
• Cratoxylum hypericinum (Blume) Merr. (1921).

Vernacular names

• Brunei: laka-laka, serungan-mampat
• Indonesia: renjung gede (Sundanese), wuluan (central Java), lingan (Kalimantan)
• Malaysia: derum (Peninsular), geronggang (Sarawak, Sabah), patok tilan (Iban, Sarawak)
• Thailand: khee tiu (Chiang Mai), tiu dam (northern), saliu (central).

Distribution

From western India through Burma and Thailand towards Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi and the Philippines.

Uses

The timber is used as derum.

Observations

• A small to medium-sized, deciduous tree of up to 35 m tall, bole up to 40 cm in diameter, bark surface fissured, peeling off in thin, long strips, dark brown to rust brown, inner bark pink or red to orange-brown.
• Leaves elliptical to ovate-oblong, 4-18 cm × 2-7 cm, with a rounded to cuspidate apex, sometimes glaucous beneath.
• Inflorescence many-flowered, often a large, foliate panicle; flowers homostylous, petals dark red to brick or brownish-red.
• Seeds 3-10 per locule, unilaterally winged.

C. sumatranum is divided into 3 subspecies: subsp. neriifolium (Kurz) Gogelein occurring on the Asian mainland, subsp. sumatranum distributed in the western Malesian area including the Philippines, and subsp. blancoi (Blume) Gogelein (synonym: C. blancoi Blume) only found in the Philippines. C. sumatranum occurs scattered in primary forest, secondary forest, open woodland, thickets and grassland on a variety of well-drained soils up to 800(-1200) m altitude. The density of the wood is 580-820 kg/m³ at 15% moisture content.

Selected sources

33, 100, 146, 175, 276, 748, 779.

Main genus page

• Cratoxylum

Authors

• M.S.M. Sosef (selection of species)