Myroxylon balsamum : Différence entre versions

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{{Page espèce (plante à graines)
 
{{Page espèce (plante à graines)
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|image = Image non disponible.JPG
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|image = Myroxylum balsamum 1zz.jpg
 
|légende =  
 
|légende =  
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|auteur =  
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|auteur =<br>(L.) Harms
 
|ordre = Fabales
 
|ordre = Fabales
 
|famille = Fabaceae
 
|famille = Fabaceae
 
|genre = Myroxylon
 
|genre = Myroxylon
 
|nb chromosomes = 2n =  
 
|nb chromosomes = 2n =  
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|origine =  
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|origine = Cuba, Amérique centrale et du Sud
 
|statut = sauvage et cultivé
 
|statut = sauvage et cultivé
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|français = ''''''
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|anglais = ''''''
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}}{{Encadré
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|color=lightgreen
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|titre=Résumé des usages
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|texte=*résine du tronc : baume
 +
**ingrédient du saint-chrême
 +
**fixation des préparations microscopiques
 +
*arbre d'ombrage
 
}}
 
}}
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*français : ''''''
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== Description ==
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*anglais : ''''''
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<gallery mode=packed>
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File:Myroxylon balsamum 0zz.jpg|tronc
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Cette page a été créée par un robot. Les premières tâches à faire sont de vérifier les liens, de clarifier la nomenclature et de choisir des photos dans Wikimedia Commons.
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</gallery>
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== Noms populaires ==
 
== Noms populaires ==
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
  
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== Biologie ==
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|}
 +
*Voir une synthèse sur les [[Baumes|baumes]]
  
 
== Classification ==
 
== Classification ==
 +
''Myroxylon balsamum'' (L.) Harms (1908)
 +
 +
synonyme :
 +
*''Myroxylon toluiferum'' A.Rich. (Plant List)
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*''Myroxylon toluiferum'' Kunth, (IPNI)
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=== var. ''balsamum'' ===
 +
baume de Tolu
 +
 +
=== var. ''pereirae'' ===
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var. ''pereirae'' (Royle) Harms (1908)
 +
 +
basionyme :
 +
*''Myrospermum pereirae'' Royle (1853)
 +
 +
baume du Pérou
  
 
== Cultivars ==
 
== Cultivars ==
  
 
== Histoire ==
 
== Histoire ==
 +
<gallery mode=packed>
 +
File:Balsam of Peru. Wellcome M0004466.jpg|Hernández, 1651, ''Rerum medicarum Novae Hispaniae thesaurus'' (var. ''pereirae'')
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File:Flore médicale des Antilles, ou, Traité des plantes usuelles (Pl. 360) (7795735770).jpg|Descourtilz, 1827. ''Flore médicale des Antilles''
 +
File:Myroxylon balsamum - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-141.jpg|Köhler, 1897. ''Medizinal-Pflanzen'' (var. ''pereirae'')
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File:Myroxylon balsamum - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-140.jpg|Köhler, 1897. ''Medizinal-Pflanzen'' (var. ''balsamum'')
 +
</gallery>
  
 
== Usages ==
 
== Usages ==
 +
{{Citation encadré
 +
|texte=
 +
*var. ''balsamum'' : A pantropical avenue tree, mostly grown as ornamental, much more seldom for the balsam production, e.g. in Brazil, S Asia (Malaysia), the Caribbean isl. Most of Tolu balsam of the trade comes however from wild populations, mainly from Colombia. It is obtained from wood cuts, the balsam or its oil is used for flavouring cosmetics and various products of the food and pharmaceutical industry.
 +
*var. ''pereirae'' : Grown mainly as shade tree, often in coffee plantations, in Central America and occasionally in other tropical countries; seldom cultivated for the balsam production, e.g. in Zaire or various other tropical countries of the Old and New World. Most of the balsam of Peru comes too from wild populations (often managed as kind of semi-cultivation) mainly from El Salvador and Belize. The balsam has been used in a similar manner as Tolu balsam, it was important as component of the anointing oil used by Catholic priests since the middle of the 16th cent. and as mounting medium for microscopic preparations. Peru balsam trees had been planted already in the imperial gardens of the Aztecs and the balsam was part of the tributes which had been delivered to the Aztec emperors. It got its name after the country from where later the product was shipped to Europe. Cultivation experiments with the Peru balsam tree began since the 19th century in several African, Asiatic countries and in Surinam, but were mostly unsuccessful.
 +
|auteur=Mansfeld.
 +
}}
  
 
== Références ==
 
== Références ==
 +
*NWFP 6. Coppen J.J.W., 1995. ''Gums, resins and latexes of plant origin''. FAO, Rome. 142 p. (''Non-Wood Forest Products'', '''6'''). [[:en:Peru and Tolu balsams (FAO, NWFP 6)|sur Pl@ntUse]]
 +
*Rollet, Bernard et coll., 2010. ''Arbres des Petites Antilles''. Tome 1 : ''Introduction à la dendrologie''. 276 p. Tome 2 : ''Description des espèces''. 866 p. + 46 pl. coul. + CD de photos sur l'anatomie du bois. Basse-Terre, ONF. Voir [[Myroxylon balsamum (Rollet, Antilles)|sur Pl@ntUse]].
  
 
== Liens ==
 
== Liens ==
 
*[http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/search.aspx?SearchTerm=Myroxylon%20balsamum&SearchCat= BHL]  
 
*[http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/search.aspx?SearchTerm=Myroxylon%20balsamum&SearchCat= BHL]  
 
*[http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropFindForm FAO Ecocrop]
 
*[http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropFindForm FAO Ecocrop]
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*[http://www.feedipedia.org/ Feedipedia]
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*Grieve's herbal : [http://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/b/baloft07.html var. ''balsamum''] et [http://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/b/balofp06.html var. ''pereirae'']
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*Grieve's herbal : [http://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/b/baloft07.html] et [http://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/b/balofp06.html (var. ''pereirae'')]
+
*[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=24873 GRIN]
−
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?Myroxylon%20balsamum GRIN]
+
 
*[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Myroxylon%20balsamum&amp;output_format=normal&amp;query_type=by_query&amp;back_page=query_ipni.html IPNI]
 
*[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Myroxylon%20balsamum&amp;output_format=normal&amp;query_type=by_query&amp;back_page=query_ipni.html IPNI]
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*[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:45:1329164412874601::NO::P7_BOTNAME,P7_DB_CHECKBOX1,P7_DB_CHECKBOX2,P7_DB_CHECKBOX4:Myroxylon%20balsamum,,, Mansfeld]
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*[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/apex/f?p=185:46:3826602793341::NO::module,mf_use,source,akzanz,rehm,akzname,taxid:mf,,botnam,0,,Myroxylon%20balsamum,21989 Mansfeld]
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*[http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl?searchstring=Myroxylon%20balsamum Moerman, Native American Ethnobotany]
+
−
*[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Myroxylon.html Multilingual Plant Name Database]
+
−
*[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/nexus/Myroxylon_balsamum_nex.html NewCrop Purdue]
+
 
*[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Myroxylon+balsamum Plant List]
 
*[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Myroxylon+balsamum Plant List]
−
*[http://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Myroxylon%20balsamum Plants for a future]
+
*[https://inpn.mnhn.fr/espece/cd_nom/447574/tab/taxo TAXREF]
−
*[http://proseanet.org/prosea/e-prosea.php PROSEA]
+
−
*[http://www.tela-botanica.org/page:eflore_bdtfx?referentiel=bdtfx&niveau=2&module=fiche&action=fiche&type_nom=nom_scientifique&nom=Myroxylon%20balsamum Tela Botanica]
+
 
*[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Myroxylon%20balsamum Useful Tropical Plants Database]
 
*[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Myroxylon%20balsamum Useful Tropical Plants Database]
 
*[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myroxylon%20balsamum Wikipédia]
 
*[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myroxylon%20balsamum Wikipédia]

Version actuelle en date du 20 octobre 2020 à 15:49

Myroxylon balsamum
(L.) Harms

alt=Description de l'image Myroxylum balsamum 1zz.jpg.
Ordre Fabales
Famille Fabaceae
Genre Myroxylon

2n =

Origine : Cuba, Amérique centrale et du Sud

sauvage et cultivé

Français '
Anglais '


Résumé des usages
  • résine du tronc : baume
    • ingrédient du saint-chrême
    • fixation des préparations microscopiques
  • arbre d'ombrage


Description

  • tronc

Noms populaires

  • Voir une synthèse sur les baumes

Classification

Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms (1908)

synonyme :

  • Myroxylon toluiferum A.Rich. (Plant List)
  • Myroxylon toluiferum Kunth, (IPNI)

var. balsamum

baume de Tolu

var. pereirae

var. pereirae (Royle) Harms (1908)

basionyme :

  • Myrospermum pereirae Royle (1853)

baume du Pérou

Cultivars

Histoire

  • Hernández, 1651, Rerum medicarum Novae Hispaniae thesaurus (var. pereirae)

  • Descourtilz, 1827. Flore médicale des Antilles

  • Köhler, 1897. Medizinal-Pflanzen (var. pereirae)

  • Köhler, 1897. Medizinal-Pflanzen (var. balsamum)

Usages

  • var. balsamum : A pantropical avenue tree, mostly grown as ornamental, much more seldom for the balsam production, e.g. in Brazil, S Asia (Malaysia), the Caribbean isl. Most of Tolu balsam of the trade comes however from wild populations, mainly from Colombia. It is obtained from wood cuts, the balsam or its oil is used for flavouring cosmetics and various products of the food and pharmaceutical industry.
  • var. pereirae : Grown mainly as shade tree, often in coffee plantations, in Central America and occasionally in other tropical countries; seldom cultivated for the balsam production, e.g. in Zaire or various other tropical countries of the Old and New World. Most of the balsam of Peru comes too from wild populations (often managed as kind of semi-cultivation) mainly from El Salvador and Belize. The balsam has been used in a similar manner as Tolu balsam, it was important as component of the anointing oil used by Catholic priests since the middle of the 16th cent. and as mounting medium for microscopic preparations. Peru balsam trees had been planted already in the imperial gardens of the Aztecs and the balsam was part of the tributes which had been delivered to the Aztec emperors. It got its name after the country from where later the product was shipped to Europe. Cultivation experiments with the Peru balsam tree began since the 19th century in several African, Asiatic countries and in Surinam, but were mostly unsuccessful.
Mansfeld.


Références

  • NWFP 6. Coppen J.J.W., 1995. Gums, resins and latexes of plant origin. FAO, Rome. 142 p. (Non-Wood Forest Products, 6). sur Pl@ntUse
  • Rollet, Bernard et coll., 2010. Arbres des Petites Antilles. Tome 1 : Introduction à la dendrologie. 276 p. Tome 2 : Description des espèces. 866 p. + 46 pl. coul. + CD de photos sur l'anatomie du bois. Basse-Terre, ONF. Voir sur Pl@ntUse.

Liens

Récupérée de « https://uses.plantnet-project.org/f/index.php?title=Myroxylon_balsamum&oldid=301096 »