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An essential oil can be distilled from the oleoresin and finds minor use for flavouring purposes.
"Asafoetida hingra" - from two other ''Ferula'' species - are used in pharmaceuticalpreparations.
=== Galbanum ===
The more common form is where tears have agglomerated into a solid mass, usually with fragments of root, sand and other extraneous matter present. Commercial samples are often in the form of a paste and may be very variable in quality, sometimes containing added "inert" diluents.
The chief constituents of asafoetida are "resin" (40-65%), "gum" (ca 25%) and essential oil; reasonably fresh asafoetida usually contains around 7-9% of essential oil, although it varies with origin and may be as high as 20%.A current (mid-1995) London spot price for asafoetida (no grade stated) is US$ 12/kg.
==== Galbanum ====
== SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ==
*McANDREW, B.A. and MICHALKIEWICZ, D.M. (1988) Analysis of galbanum oils. pp 573-585.In ''Flavors and Fragrances: A World Perspective. Proceedings of 10th International Congress of''
''Essential Oils, Fragrances and Flavors, Washington DC, 16-20 November, 1986''. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
*RAGHAVAN,B., ABRAHAM, K.O., SHANKARANARAYANA, M.L., SASTRY, L.V.L. andNATARAJAN, C.P. (1974) Asafoetida II. Chemical composition and physicochemical properties. ''The Flavour Industry'', '''5'''(7/8), 179-181.
*SAMIMI, M.N. and UNGER, W. (1979) [The gum resins of Afghan asafoetida-producing ''Ferula'' species. Observations on the provenance and quality of Afghan asafoetida] (in German). ''Planta Medica'', '''36'''(2), 128-133.
*SHIVASHANKAR, S., SHANKARANARAYANA, M.L. and NATARAJAN, C.P. (1972) Asafoetida- varieties, chemical composition, standards and uses. ''Indian Food Packer'', '''26'''(2), 36-44.
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