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== COLLECTION/PRIMARY PROCESSING ==
=== Asafoetida===Just prior to the flowering stage the plants are cut above the ground and the taproot/rhizomeexposed. A small quantity of "latex" exudes and this is collected every few days; exposureto the air causes the latex to form first a soft exudate and then one which is hard anddiscoloured. Sometimes the root is sliced every few days to produce more exudate. === Galbanum===The stem of F. ''Ferula galbaniflua '' is cut to produce an orange-yellow gummy fluid which, again,hardens on exposure to air. === Yields===
No information is available on resin yields.
== VALUE-ADDED PROCESSING==Further processing of the crude resin entails either blending (as mentioned for asafoetida,above), steam distillation to produce an essential oil, or preparation of an extract using anappropriate solvent. Extraction with a hydrocarbon solvent yields a "resinoid", while alcoholextraction gives an "absolute". Both types of extract are semi-solid and dark brown or redbrownred-brown in colour. == PRODUCTS OTHER THAN RESIN==
There are no other products of commercial value obtained from the plants.
== DEVELOPMENTAL POTENTIAL==In the absence of detailed knowledge on the size and trend in the markets for the two resinsit is impossible to know whether the existing, wild resource is sufficient to meet demand, orwhether there is scope for some production from new, cultivated sources. == SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY==*McANDREW, B.A. and MICHALKIEWICZ, D.M. (1988) Analysis of galbanum oils. pp 573-585.In ''Flavors and Fragrances: A World Perspective. Proceedings of 10th International Congress of''
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''Essential Oils, Fragrances and Flavors, Washington DC, 16-20 November, 1986''. Amsterdam:Elsevier.*RAGHAVAN,B., ABRAHAM, K.O., SHANKARANARAYANA, M.L., SASTRY, L.V.L. andNATARAJAN, C.P. (1974) Asafoetida II. Chemical composition and physicochemical properties.''The Flavour Industry'', '''5'''(7/8), 179-181.*SAMIMI, M.N. and UNGER, W. (1979) [The gum resins of Afghan asafoetida-producing ''Ferula'' species. Observations on the provenance and quality of Afghan asafoetida] (in German). ''PlantaMedica'', '''36'''(2), 128-133.*SHIVASHANKAR, S., SHANKARANARAYANA, M.L. and NATARAJAN, C.P. (1972) Asafoetida- varieties, chemical composition, standards and uses. ''Indian Food Packer'', '''26'''(2), 36-44.
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{| class="wikitable center" text-align:right;|+ Table 28. Asafoetida: imports into India, and sources, 1987/88-1992193'<ref>Year runs April-March.</ref> (tonnes)|- ! ||87/88 || 88/89 || 89/90 || 90/91 || 91/92 || 92/93|- |Total ||715 || 630 || 492 || 1006 || 649 || 619|- |colspan="7" align="left" |''Of which from'':|- | Afghanistan || 681 || 574 || 428 || 956 || 606 || 337|- | Iran || 19 || 27 || 26 || 30 || 38 || 165|- | Pakistan || 13 || 29 || 34 || 20 || 5 || 117|}
Source: National statistics
{| class="wikitable center" text-align:right;
|+ Table 29. Asafoetida: exports from India, and destinations, 1987/88-1993/94<ref>Year runs April-March.</ref> (tonnes)
|-
! ||87/88|| 88/89|| 89/90|| 90/91|| 91/92|| 92/93|| 93/94
|-
|Total ||140|| 144|| 149|| 130|| 164|| 231|| 205
|-
|colspan="8" align="left" |''Of which to'':
|-
| United Arab Emirates|| 33|| 39|| 39|| 31|| 59|| 46|| 76
|-
| Thailand|| 10|| 16|| 22|| 20|| 18|| 33|| 19
|-
| UK|| 26|| 3|| 12|| 11|| 14|| 22|||| 20
|-
| USA 8|| 13|| 12|| 11|| 15|| 22|| 17
|-
| Singapore|| 12|| 11|| 14|| 16|| 11|| 18|| 9
|-
| Malaysia|| 12|| 14|| 9|| 11|| 7|| 18|| 11
|-
| Saudi Arabia|| 14|| 16|| 6||-|| 17|| 11|| 13
|-
| Oman|| 3|| 2|| 7|| 3|| 6|| 3|| 3
|-
| Bahrain|| 5|| 3|| 3|| 2|| 4|| 4|| 3
|-
| Qatar|| 1|| 1|| 2|| 1|| 1|| 3|| 1
|-
| Kuwait|| 2|| 1|| 2 ||1|| 1|| 1|| 1
|-
| Kenya|| 1|| 3|| 3|| 10||-|| 1|| 8
|-
| Canada|| 2|| 2|| 2|| 2|| 2|| 4|| 4
|-
| Sri Lanka|| 2||-|| 1|| 3|| -|| 1|| 2
|-
| Germany|| -|| 7|| -||-||-|| 20||-
|-
| Ethiopia|| 1|| 2|| -||-||-||-|| 3
|-
| Djibouti||-||-|| 3||-|| 1|| 7|| 3
|-
| Japan||-||-|| 7||-||-|| 7||-
|}
Source: National statistics
[[Category:FAO, NWFT 6]]
