* Vo Van Chi, 1997. Rau ram. In: Dictionary of medicinal plants. Medicinal Publisher, Hanoi, Vietnam. pp. 960-961.
== Sources of illustrations ==
Do Tat Loi, 1991. Nhung cay thuoc va vi thuoc Viet Nam [Medicinal plants and products of Vietnam]. Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi, Vietnam. Fig. 425, p. 611. Redrawn and adapted by P. Verheij-Hayes.