Difference between revisions of "Aloe vera"

From PlantUse English
Jump to: navigation, search
m (clean up)
 
(15 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
 
{{Species page (seed plant)
 
{{Species page (seed plant)
−
|image = None50x50.jpg
+
|image = A.vera-suzana-1.jpg
 
|legend =  
 
|legend =  
−
|author =  
+
|author = (L.) Burm. f.
−
|order =  
+
|order = Asparagales
−
|family =  
+
|family = Asphodelaceae
−
|genus =  
+
|genus = Aloe
−
|nb chromosomes = 2n =  
+
|nb chromosomes = 2n = 14
−
|origin = area of origin
+
|origin = North-East Africa
−
|status = wild or cultivated
+
|status = cultivated
−
|english =   
+
|english =  Aloe vera
−
|french =   
+
|french =  aloès
 +
}}{{Box
 +
|title = Uses summary
 +
|color = lightgreen
 +
|text = *medicinal :
 +
**exudate : laxative, purgative, vermifuge
 +
**gel : skin affections
 +
*gel used in the manufacture of jellies, drinks and ice cream
 +
*gel: food supplement
 +
*leaves and seeds are consumed as vegetables
 +
*ornemental
 
}}
 
}}
−
 
+
== Description ==
−
''To edit this page, please copy the French version and translate it. If it contains no data, the first tasks are to check all the links, to clarify nomenclature and to upload photos from Wikimedia Commons''
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
== Popular names ==
+
−
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
+
−
 
+
−
|}
+
−
 
+
−
== Biology ==
+
 
<gallery mode="packed">
 
<gallery mode="packed">
 +
Aloe vera MC.tif|1, plant habit; 2, part of inflorescence; 3, flower in longitudinal section (PROSEA, P. Verheij-Hayes)
 
File:Aloe vera habit Bekele-Tessemma Ethiopia.jpg|habit
 
File:Aloe vera habit Bekele-Tessemma Ethiopia.jpg|habit
 
File:Aloe vera drawing leaves Bekele-Tessemma Ethiopia.jpg|leaves
 
File:Aloe vera drawing leaves Bekele-Tessemma Ethiopia.jpg|leaves
 
File:Aloe vera drawing flowers Bekele-Tessemma Ethiopia.jpg|flowers
 
File:Aloe vera drawing flowers Bekele-Tessemma Ethiopia.jpg|flowers
 +
File:Aloe vera Flores 2013-5-01 TorreLaMata.jpg|flowers
 +
File:Aloe fields.jpg|Aloe vera cultivation
 +
File:Yaiza Playa Blanca - Calle Las Palmas - Aloe vera 01 ies.jpg|Aloe vera cultivation in Lanzarote (Canary Islands)
 +
File:Split Aloe.jpg|cut leaf showing the gel
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
 +
* stemless or short-stemmed plant, stoloniferous
 +
* fleshy lanceolate leaves, 30 to 60 cm long, ending in a fine point, prickly toothed
 +
* inflorescence on a stipe up to 1.2 m, with lanceolate or ovate, pointed bracts
 +
* yellow flowers 2.5 cm long in dense clusters of 10 to 30 cm
 +
* fruit: dehiscent capsule
 +
* black seeds
 +
 +
== Popular names ==
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
 +
|English
 +
|aloe vera, Barbados aloe, coastal aloe, Curaçao aloe, Indian aloe, medicinal aloe, Mediterranean aloe, true aloe, West Indian aloe
 +
|-
 +
|French
 +
||aloès, aloès vulgaire, aloe vera
 +
|-
 +
| Guyanese creole
 +
| aloé [lalwès, lalowès] (Pharma. Guyane)
 +
|-
 +
| Palikur
 +
| punamna arib (Pharma. Guyane)
 +
|-
 +
| Portuguese
 +
| aloés, aloé vera, aloés de Barbados, caraguatá, erva babosa, babosa, azebre vegetal
 +
|-
 +
| Philippines
 +
| sabila (Tagalog), dilang-buwaya (Bikol), dilang-halo (Bisaya) (PROSEA)
 +
|-
 +
| Indonesia
 +
| lidah buaya (PROSEA)
 +
|-
 +
| Malaysia
 +
| lidah buaya (Peninsular), bunga raja raja (Sabah) (PROSEA)
 +
|-
 +
| Thaïland
 +
| waan faimai (northern), waan hang chorakhe, haang takhe (central) (PROSEA)
 +
|-
 +
| Vietnam
 +
| lô hội, lư hội, nha dảm (PROSEA)
 +
|}
  
 
== Classification ==
 
== Classification ==
 +
''Aloe vera'' (L.) Burm. f. (1768) (between March 1st and April 6th)
 +
 +
basionym :
 +
*''Aloe perfoliata'' var. ''vera'' L. (1753)
 +
 +
synonyms :
 +
*''Aloe barbadensis'' Mill. (1768) (April 16th, after Burman)
 +
*''Aloe indica'' Royle (1840), nom. nud.
  
 
== Cultivars ==
 
== Cultivars ==
  
 
== History ==
 
== History ==
 +
<gallery mode="packed">
 +
File:Aloê 15r Dioscoride Vienne.png|aloê folio 15r, [[:fr:Dioscoride: Codex vindobonensis#Aloe|Dioscoride, ''Codex Vindobonensis Med. Gr. I'']]
 +
File:Kadanaku 11-3 Rheede 1692.png|kadanaku vol. 11 pl. 3 [[:fr:Rheede, illustrations|Rheede 1692, ''Hortus malabaricus'']]
 +
File:Flore médicale des Antilles, ou, Traité des plantes usuelles (Pl. 130) (8203076070).jpg|Descourtilz, 1822, ''Medicinal Flora of the West Indies''
 +
</gallery>
  
 
== Uses ==
 
== Uses ==
 +
{{Citation box
 +
|text=In addition to its laxative properties, this species is employed for dyeing.
 +
 +
The harvest of the "aloes" is described in CHOPRA ''et al.'' (1960) : "après avoir pratiqué une incision sur une feuille tournée vers le bas, il s'en échappe un liquide jaunâtre qui forme, fréquemment, de petites masses vasculaires. Concentré puis solidifié, par refroidissement, ce liquide fournit le produit commercial appelé aloes".
 +
Translation : after making an incision on a leaf turned downwards, a yellowish liquid escapes from it, which frequently forms small vascular masses. When concentrated and then solidified by cooling, this liquid provides the commercial product called aloes
 +
 +
The "juice" from the leaves of this Liliaceae with anthracene heterosides is used in medicine as "laxative and purgative" (PARIS and DILLEMAN, 1960; PARIS and MOYSE, 1967). These properties of '' Aloe vera '' (ar. = Sabara) are also reported by LEMORDANT '' et al. '' (1977).
 +
 +
The leaves of "aloes" are possibly used in mixture with henna in the region of Zarzis in order to obtain a "dye" of wool of beige shade (COUSTILLAC, 1958).
 +
|author = [[:fr:Liliaceae (Le Floc'h, 1983) #Aloe vera | Le Floc'h, 1983, '' Ethnobotanique tunisienne '', 64]]
 +
}}
 +
 +
{{Citation box
 +
|text=Since about 1650 it has been cultivated for drug production on Barbados isl. Frequently cultivated and locally naturalized in subtropical and tropical regions around the world. The drug is processed from the bitter, yellow leaf sap by drying. It is used in the human and veterinary medicine; it is also important as constituent of cremes, emulsions and shampoo. A dye is produced from the leaves which is used for staining clothes. The species plays a role in magic and religious rituals in several countries. Also cultivated as hedge plant and ornamental. Intensive studies are underway on its secondary metabolites, useful for medicine. This species had been used as drug already in the antiquity. It had been presumably brought into the New World by the Spaniards. Agarwal (1988) mentioned ''A. abyssinica'', called "desi kwar", to be used in western parts of India. This is, indeed not this species but a variety of ''A. barbadensis''.
 +
|author =Mansfeld.
 +
}}
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
 +
*Bekele-Tesemma, Azene, 2007. ''Useful trees and shrubs for Ethiopia. Identification, propagation and management for 17 agroclimatic zones''. Nairobi, ICRAF - RELMA. 550 p. (''Technical Manual'' 6). [[Aloe vera (Bekele-Tesemma, 2007)|See article]]
 +
*Chauvet, Michel, 2018. [[:fr:Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires|''Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires'']]. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 82)
 +
*Grenand, Pierre ; Moretti, Christian ; Jacquemin, Henri & Prévost, Marie-Françoise, 2004. ''Pharmacopées traditionnelles en Guyane. Créoles, Wayãpi, Palikur''. 2e édition revue et complétée. Paris, IRD. 816 p. (1ère éd.: 1987). [[:fr:Aloe vera (Pharmacopées en Guyane)|See on Pl@ntUse]].
 +
*TRAMIL, ''Pharmacopée végétale caribéenne'', éd. scient. L. Germosén-Robineau. 2014. 3e éd. Santo Domingo, Canopé de Guadeloupe. 420 p. See on [[:fr:Aloe vera (TRAMIL)|Pl@ntUse]]
  
 
== Links ==
 
== Links ==
 
*[http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/search.aspx?SearchTerm=Aloe%20vera&SearchCat= BHL]  
 
*[http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/search.aspx?SearchTerm=Aloe%20vera&SearchCat= BHL]  
 
*[http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropFindForm FAO Ecocrop]
 
*[http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropFindForm FAO Ecocrop]
−
*[http://www.feedipedia.org/ Feedipedia]
+
*[http://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/a/aloes027.html Grieve's herbal]
−
*[http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/comindx.html Grieve's herbal]
+
*[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=311403 GRIN]
−
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?Aloe%20vera GRIN]
+
 
*[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Aloe%20vera&amp;output_format=normal&amp;query_type=by_query&amp;back_page=query_ipni.html IPNI]
 
*[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Aloe%20vera&amp;output_format=normal&amp;query_type=by_query&amp;back_page=query_ipni.html IPNI]
−
*[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:45:1329164412874601::NO::P7_BOTNAME,P7_DB_CHECKBOX1,P7_DB_CHECKBOX2,P7_DB_CHECKBOX4:Aloe%20vera,,, Mansfeld]
+
*[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/apex/f?p=185:46:2549975769812::NO::module,mf_use,source,akzanz,rehm,akzname,taxid:mf,,botnam,0,,Aloe%20vera,26120 Mansfeld]
−
*[http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl?searchstring=Aloe%20vera Moerman, Native American Ethnobotany]
+
 
*[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Aloe.html Multilingual Plant Name Database]
 
*[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Aloe.html Multilingual Plant Name Database]
−
*[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/nexus/Aloe_vera_nex.html NewCrop Purdue]
+
*[https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/nexus/aloe.html NewCrop Purdue]
 
*[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Aloe+vera Plant List]
 
*[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Aloe+vera Plant List]
 
*[http://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Aloe%20vera Plants for a future]
 
*[http://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Aloe%20vera Plants for a future]
−
*[http://proseanet.org/prosea/e-prosea.php PROSEA]
+
*[[Aloe vera (PROSEA)|PROSEA on Pl@ntUse]]
 
*[[Aloe vera (PROTA)|PROTA on Pl@ntUse]]
 
*[[Aloe vera (PROTA)|PROTA on Pl@ntUse]]
−
*[http://www.prota4u.org/protav8.asp?en=1&p=Aloe+vera Prota4U]
+
*[https://www.tela-botanica.org/bdtfx-nn-85648 Tela Botanica]
−
*[http://www.tela-botanica.org/page:eflore_bdtfx?referentiel=bdtfx&niveau=2&module=fiche&action=fiche&type_nom=nom_scientifique&nom=Aloe%20vera Tela Botanica]
+
 
*[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Aloe%20vera Useful Tropical Plants Database]
 
*[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Aloe%20vera Useful Tropical Plants Database]
−
*[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe%20vera Wikipédia]
+
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe%20vera Wikipedia]
 
*[http://www.wikiphyto.org/wiki/Aloe%20vera Wikiphyto]
 
*[http://www.wikiphyto.org/wiki/Aloe%20vera Wikiphyto]
 +
 +
 +
[[Category:Aloe]]

Latest revision as of 20:09, 15 September 2022

Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.

alt=Description of A.vera-suzana-1.jpg picture.
Order Asparagales
Family Asphodelaceae
Genus Aloe

2n = 14

Origin : North-East Africa

cultivated

English Aloe vera
French aloès


Uses summary
  • medicinal :
    • exudate : laxative, purgative, vermifuge
    • gel : skin affections
  • gel used in the manufacture of jellies, drinks and ice cream
  • gel: food supplement
  • leaves and seeds are consumed as vegetables
  • ornemental


Description

  • 1, plant habit; 2, part of inflorescence; 3, flower in longitudinal section (PROSEA, P. Verheij-Hayes)

  • habit

  • leaves

  • flowers

  • flowers

  • Aloe vera cultivation

  • Aloe vera cultivation in Lanzarote (Canary Islands)

  • cut leaf showing the gel

  • stemless or short-stemmed plant, stoloniferous
  • fleshy lanceolate leaves, 30 to 60 cm long, ending in a fine point, prickly toothed
  • inflorescence on a stipe up to 1.2 m, with lanceolate or ovate, pointed bracts
  • yellow flowers 2.5 cm long in dense clusters of 10 to 30 cm
  • fruit: dehiscent capsule
  • black seeds

Popular names

English aloe vera, Barbados aloe, coastal aloe, Curaçao aloe, Indian aloe, medicinal aloe, Mediterranean aloe, true aloe, West Indian aloe
French aloès, aloès vulgaire, aloe vera
Guyanese creole aloé [lalwès, lalowès] (Pharma. Guyane)
Palikur punamna arib (Pharma. Guyane)
Portuguese aloés, aloé vera, aloés de Barbados, caraguatá, erva babosa, babosa, azebre vegetal
Philippines sabila (Tagalog), dilang-buwaya (Bikol), dilang-halo (Bisaya) (PROSEA)
Indonesia lidah buaya (PROSEA)
Malaysia lidah buaya (Peninsular), bunga raja raja (Sabah) (PROSEA)
Thaïland waan faimai (northern), waan hang chorakhe, haang takhe (central) (PROSEA)
Vietnam lô hội, lư hội, nha dảm (PROSEA)

Classification

Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (1768) (between March 1st and April 6th)

basionym :

  • Aloe perfoliata var. vera L. (1753)

synonyms :

  • Aloe barbadensis Mill. (1768) (April 16th, after Burman)
  • Aloe indica Royle (1840), nom. nud.

Cultivars

History

Uses

In addition to its laxative properties, this species is employed for dyeing.

The harvest of the "aloes" is described in CHOPRA et al. (1960) : "après avoir pratiqué une incision sur une feuille tournée vers le bas, il s'en échappe un liquide jaunâtre qui forme, fréquemment, de petites masses vasculaires. Concentré puis solidifié, par refroidissement, ce liquide fournit le produit commercial appelé aloes". Translation : after making an incision on a leaf turned downwards, a yellowish liquid escapes from it, which frequently forms small vascular masses. When concentrated and then solidified by cooling, this liquid provides the commercial product called aloes

The "juice" from the leaves of this Liliaceae with anthracene heterosides is used in medicine as "laxative and purgative" (PARIS and DILLEMAN, 1960; PARIS and MOYSE, 1967). These properties of Aloe vera (ar. = Sabara) are also reported by LEMORDANT et al. (1977).

The leaves of "aloes" are possibly used in mixture with henna in the region of Zarzis in order to obtain a "dye" of wool of beige shade (COUSTILLAC, 1958).

Le Floc'h, 1983, Ethnobotanique tunisienne , 64


Since about 1650 it has been cultivated for drug production on Barbados isl. Frequently cultivated and locally naturalized in subtropical and tropical regions around the world. The drug is processed from the bitter, yellow leaf sap by drying. It is used in the human and veterinary medicine; it is also important as constituent of cremes, emulsions and shampoo. A dye is produced from the leaves which is used for staining clothes. The species plays a role in magic and religious rituals in several countries. Also cultivated as hedge plant and ornamental. Intensive studies are underway on its secondary metabolites, useful for medicine. This species had been used as drug already in the antiquity. It had been presumably brought into the New World by the Spaniards. Agarwal (1988) mentioned A. abyssinica, called "desi kwar", to be used in western parts of India. This is, indeed not this species but a variety of A. barbadensis.

Mansfeld.


References

  • Bekele-Tesemma, Azene, 2007. Useful trees and shrubs for Ethiopia. Identification, propagation and management for 17 agroclimatic zones. Nairobi, ICRAF - RELMA. 550 p. (Technical Manual 6). See article
  • Chauvet, Michel, 2018. Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 82)
  • Grenand, Pierre ; Moretti, Christian ; Jacquemin, Henri & Prévost, Marie-Françoise, 2004. Pharmacopées traditionnelles en Guyane. Créoles, Wayãpi, Palikur. 2e édition revue et complétée. Paris, IRD. 816 p. (1ère éd.: 1987). See on Pl@ntUse.
  • TRAMIL, Pharmacopée végétale caribéenne, éd. scient. L. Germosén-Robineau. 2014. 3e éd. Santo Domingo, Canopé de Guadeloupe. 420 p. See on Pl@ntUse

Links

Retrieved from "https://uses.plantnet-project.org/e/index.php?title=Aloe_vera&oldid=333989"