Jasminum sambac (PROSEA)

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Plant Resources of South-East Asia
Introduction
List of species


1, plant habit; 2, flowering twig; 3, opened corolla; 4, detail of stamens and style (P. H. Yap)

Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton

Protologue: Hort. Kew. 1: 8 (1789).

Synonyms

  • Nyctanthes sambac L. (1753).

Vernacular names

  • Arabian jasmine (En).
  • Jasmin d'arabie (Fr)
  • Indonesia: melati (general), menur (Javanese)
  • Malaysia: melor (Peninsular)
  • Philippines: manul (Bisaya), sampaguita (Tagalog), kampupot (Tagalog, Pampanga)
  • Cambodia: molih (Chinese)
  • Thailand: khao taek (Mae Hong Son), tiamuun (Chiang Mai), mali son
  • Vietnam: lài, hoa nhài.

Distribution

J. sambac probably originated in India and was brought to Malaysia and Java around the 3rd Century; since then widely cultivated throughout the Malesian region for its heavily scented flowers.

Uses

The leaves are more medicinal than the flowers. A decoction is used internally against fever. A poultice of the leaves is applied to treat skin complaints and wounds in Malaysia. In India, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines the bruised leaves or flowers are applied as a poultice to the breast of women as a lactifuge. An infusion of the flowers is applied to the eyelids as a decongestant. Besides the above mentioned uses, in Thailand the leaves are used as an astringent and antiamoebic. The root is given fresh to treat venereal diseases in Malaysia and to treat fever in Indonesia. A tincture made from the root is said to have very strong sedative, anaesthetic and vulnerary properties. Roots are used as poultices for sprains and fractures. A decoction of the roots or an infusion of the flowers is employed in pulmonary catarrh, bronchitis, and also asthma. The stems are employed as an antipyretic and in the treatment of abscesses. The flowers are widely used for their scent and their cooling effect, either directly or in perfumes. In China and Java flowers are used to flavour jasmine tea. In India, J. sambac is commercially cultivated for its essential oil.

Observations

  • A shrub, untidy (straggling) climbing or lax when young and rooting at the nodes or ascending, up to 3 m tall.
  • Leaves all 1-foliolate, ovate, 2.5-9 cm × 2-6.5 cm, thin, base subcordate to obtuse or cuneate, apex obtuse or acuminate, margins subundulate, glabrous or finely pubescent on the main veins, with several sunken and bearded vein-axils beneath.
  • Inflorescence a 3-flowered cyme or a many-flowered compact cluster.
  • Flowers single or double (in cultivated varieties), with 7-10 calyx segments, 2.5-7 mm long, finely pubescent, corolla tube 7-15 mm long, with 5-many lobes, oval or oblong, 8-15 mm long, mostly white, heavily fragrant.
  • Fruit a black berry, surrounded by the calyx.

J. sambac is widely planted and occurring from sea-level up to 800 m altitude. Several double-flowered varieties are recognized, none of which produce fruit.

Selected sources

  • [97] Backer, C.A. & Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr, R.C., 1963-1968. Flora of Java. 3 volumes. Noordhoff, Groningen, the Netherlands. Vol. 1 (1963) 647 pp., Vol. 2 (1965) 641 pp., Vol. 3 (1968) 761 pp.
  • [202] Burkill, I.H., 1966. A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. Revised reprint. 2 volumes. Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Vol. 1 (A-H) pp. 1-1240. Vol. 2 (I-Z) pp. 1241-2444.
  • [219] Casyao, J.M., 1992. The botany of sampaguita, its production and potentials in industry: an overview. Philippine Technology Journal 17(2): 1-12.
  • [220] Casyao, J.M. & Medina, F.I.S., 1990. The detached leaf propagation of sampaguita (Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait.). Philippine Technology Journal 15(2): 43-52.
  • [271] Clarke, C.B., 1882. Oleaceae. In: Hooker, J.D. (Editor): The Flora of British India. Periodical Expert Book Agency, New Delhi, India. Vol. 3, part 9. pp. 590-618.
  • [332] de Padua, L.S., Lugod, G.C. & Pancho, J.V., 1977-1983. Handbook on Philippine medicinal plants. 4 volumes. Documentation and Information Section, Office of the Director of Research, University of the Philippines at Los Baños, the Philippines.
  • [460] Gagnepain, F., 1933. Oléacées [Oleaceae]. In: Gagnepain, F. (Editor): Flore générale de l'Indo-Chine. [General flora of Indo-China]. Vol. 3 part 8. Masson et Cie, Paris, France. pp. 1034-1084.
  • [505] Green, P.S., 1966. Studies in the genus Jasminum III. The species in cultivation in North America. Baileya 13(4): 137-172.
  • [580] Heyne, K., 1950. De nuttige planten van Indonesië [The useful plants of Indonesia]. 3rd Edition. 2 volumes. W. van Hoeve, 's-Gravenhage, the Netherlands/Bandung, Indonesia. 1660 + CCXLI pp.
  • [741] Kirtikar, K.R. & Basu, B.D., 1935. Indian medicinal plants. 2nd Edition, edited by Blatter, E., Caius, J.F. & Mhaskar, K.S. L.H. Basu, Allahabad, India. 4 volumes xxxvii + 2793 pp.
  • [900] Mansfeld, R., 1986. Verzeichnis landwirtschaflicher und gaertnerischer Kulturpflanzen (ohne Zierpflanzen) [Register of agricultural and horticultural plants (withouth ornamentals)]. 2nd Edition, revised by J. Schultze-Motel. 4 volumes. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany. 1998 pp.
  • [1021] Ng, F.S.P., 1992. Guide to garden plants 10. Nature Malaysiana 17(1): 10-17.
  • [1035] Nguyen Van Duong, 1993. Medicinal plants of Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. Mekong Printing, Santa Ana, California, United States. 528 pp.
  • [1126] Perry, L.M., 1980. Medicinal plants of East and Southeast Asia. Attributed properties and uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States & London, United Kingdom. 620 pp.
  • [1128] Pételot, A., 1952-1954. Les plantes médicinales du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam [The medicinal plants of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam]. 4 volumes. Centre National de Recherches Scientifiques et Techniques, Saigon, Vietnam.
  • [1178] Quisumbing, E., 1978. Medicinal plants of the Philippines. Katha Publishing Co., Quezon City, the Philippines. 1262 pp.
  • [1287] Saralamp, P., Temsiririrkkul, R., Chuakul, W., Riewpaiboon, A., Prathanturarug, S., Suthisisang, C. & Pongcharoensuk, P. (Editors), 1996. Medicinal plants in the Siri Ruckhachati Garden. 2nd Edition. Siambooks and Publications Co., Bangkok, Thailand. 263 pp.
  • [1571] Wijayakusuma, H.M.H., Dalimartha, S., Wirian, S.W., Yaputra, T. & Wibowo, B., 1993. Tanaman berkhasiat obat di Indonesia [Plants yielding medicine in Indonesia]. Vol. 2. Pustaka Kartini, Jakarta, Indonesia. 138 pp.

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Authors

  • Joeni Setijo Rahajoe, R. Kiew & J.L.C.H. van Valkenburg
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