Phyllanthus emblica
Phyllanthus emblica L.
| Ordre | Malpighiales |
|---|---|
| Famille | Phyllanthaceae |
| Genre | Phyllanthus |
2n =
Origine : Chine, Asie du Sud-Est
sauvage ou cultivé
| Français | myrobolan emblique |
|---|---|
| Anglais | emblic myrobalan |
- médicinal
- fruit acide consommé cru, cuit,
en confiture, en sirop ou séché - arôme alimentaire
- encre, shampoing
- fruits : tanin
- feuilles : teinture
- feuilles, fruits : fourrage
- bois de feu
Sommaire
Description
1, branche en fleurs ; 2, fleur mâle ; 3, fleur femelle ; 4, branche en fruits (PROSEA, Achmad Satiri Nurhaman)
feuillage
écorce
feuilles
fleurs
fleurs
rameau en fruits
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Noms populaires
| français | emblique officinale, bilimbi madras, myrobolan emblique, groseillier de Ceylan |
| anglais | emblic myrobalan, emblic, aonla, amla, Indian gooseberry, Malacca tree |
| allemand | Ambla-Baum, Myrobalanenbaum |
| espagnol | mirobalano, nelí |
| portugais | mirabolano émblico (PROTA) |
| arabe | amlag , as sanânir |
| chinois | 余甘子 - yu gan zi (Flora of China) ; an mo le |
| sanscrit | आमलक - āmalaka ; adiphala, dhatri, अकर akara, अमलाः - amalah, आमलकः - amalakah, ब्रह्मवृक्ष - Brahmavriksh, धात्रिका - dhatrika, मण्डा - manda, राधा - radha, शंभुप्रिया - shambhupriya, शिवा - shiva, श्रीफली - shriphali, सुधा - sudha, तमका - tamaka, तिष्या - tishya, वज्रम् - vajram, विलोमी - vilomi |
| pali | आमलक - amalak |
| hindi | आमला amla, आंवला anwla (aonla ?), अमिलका - amlika, बहुमूली bahu-muli, ब्रह्मवृक्ष Brahma vriksh |
| ourdou | آنولا - anwla |
| bengali | আমলকী - amlaki |
| marathi | अवळा - avala, आंवळा - aanvala |
| gujerati | આમળા - amla, આમલક - amalak |
| manipuri | আমলা - amla, heikru |
| konkani | आवळो - avalo |
| telugu | ఆమలకము - amalakamu, ధాత్రి - dhatri, నెల్లి - nelli, ఉసిరి - usiri |
| tamoul | ஆமலகி - amalaki, அமிர்தபலம் - amirta-palam, அத்தகோரம் - attakoram, சிரோட்டம் - cirottam, சிவை - civai, இந்துளி - intuli, கந்தாத்திரி - kantattiri, காட்டுநெல்லி - kattu-nelli, கோங்கம் - konkam, கோரங்கம் - korankam, நெல்லி - nelli, தாத்திரி - tattiri, தேசோமந்திரம் - tecomantiram, தோப்புநெல்லி - toppu-nelli, தோட்டி - totti |
| kannada | ಆಮಲಕ - aamalaka, ಬೆಟ್ಟ ನೆಲ್ಲಿ - betta nelli, ದೊಡ್ಡ ನೆಲ್ಲಿ - dodda nelli |
| malayalam | nellikkamaram (arbre), nellikka (fruit) ; നെല്ലി - nelli |
| oriya | aula |
| Cachemire | आमलकी - amalaki, ओम्ल - omala |
| punjabi | ਆਂਵਲਾ - anwala, ਆਉਲਾ - aula |
| assamais | আম্লখি - amlaki |
| khasi | dieng sohmylleng |
| mizo | sinhlu |
| népalais | अमलो amalo |
| Philippines | nelli (PROSEA) |
| Indonésie | kimalaka (général), malaka (sundanais), kemloko (javanais) (PROSEA) |
| Malaysia | laka, melaka (PROSEA) |
| Thaïlande | ma-khaam pom (général), kan-tot (khmer, chantaburi), kam thuat (ratchaburi) (PROSEA) |
| Vietnam | chùm ruot, me rừng, chu me (nord), bông ngót (sud) (PROSEA) ; kam lam (Mansfeld) |
| Laos | khaam poomz, mak kham pom (PROSEA) |
| Cambodge | karn lam, kam lam ko, kântûët préi (PROSEA) |
| Birmanie | ta-sha-pen (PROSEA) ; mai hkam (Mansfeld) |
Classification
Phyllanthus emblica L. (1753)
synonyme :
- Emblica officinalis Gaertn. (1790)
Cultivars
Histoire
nilicamaram, Rheede, 1678, Hortus Malabaricus, vol. 1 pl. 38
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Usages
In Asia (India, Sri Lanka, China, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia), Central America (Honduras, Costa Rica), and the West Indies (Cuba, Trinidad) also cultivated. The fruits, extremely rich in vitamin C (800 mg per 100 g juice), are eaten raw or cooked, or they are consumed as jam, syrup or as dried fruits (also officinal: Myrobalani Emblicae), jelly, or powder. They are also used for flavouring food and vinegar or utilized in making soft drinks, ink, hair dye, and shampoo. The unripe fruits are exploited in tannery; a dye, obtained from the leaves, is used for dyeing wool and silk. The leaves and fruits serve as fodder and the leaves also utilized as green manure. The wood is used for agricultural implements and charcoal. The fruits, bark, flowers, and leaves are applied for medicinal purposes. Wild distribution: Tropical Asia.
Références
- Chauvet, Michel, 2018. Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 550)
- Leclerc, Lucien, 1877-1883. Traité des simples par Ibn Beithar. Notices et extraits des Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque nationale. Paris, Imprimerie nationale. 3 tomes. Reprint Institut du Monde Arabe. s.d. (1987), 476 + 489 + 483 p. Emledj, Ibn al-Baytar (XIIIe).
