Changes

*''Solanum schultesii'' Opiz (1843).

*Black nightshade, common nightshade, garden nightshade (En). *Herbe à calalou, morelle noire (Fr)

*An annual or perennial unarmed herb up to 1 m tall, indumentum of simple eglandular and glandular hairs; leaves .*Leaves ovate, 4-10 cm × 2-7 cm, simple, margin entire to bluntly toothed, base cuneate, apex obtuse; inflorescence .*Inflorescence extra-axillary, a short raceme of (3-)4-8(-12) flowers; calyx .*Calyx campanulate, lobes up to 1 mm long, corolla stellate, 8-10 mm in diameter, white or rarely tinged with purple, anthers oblong, 2-3.5 mm long, ovary glabrous, style 5-6 mm long, stigma capitate; fruit .*Fruit globose to ellipsoid, 6-8(-10) mm in diameter, 2-locular, dull or somewhat shiny black or purplish-black, calyx not enlarged and with appressed or scarcely reflexed lobes; seeds .*Seeds (15-)25-35(-45) per fruit, 1.8-2.2 mm long.  ''S. nigrum'' is common in open and disturbed places, in full sunshine or slight shade, also in light forest, up to 3100 m altitude.

[21] Afaq, S.H. & Khan, M.M.A., 1994. Predicting solasodine content of Solanum nigrum - a statistical model. In: Ethnobiology in human welfare: abstracts of the Fourth International Congress of Ethnobiology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, 17-21 November, 1994. National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India. p. 97.[42] Akhtar, M.S. & Munir, M., 1989. Evaluation of the gastric antiulcerogenic effect of Solanum nigrum, Brassica oleracea and Ocimum basilicum in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 27(1-2): 163-176.[78] Atal, C.K. & Kapur, B.M. (Editors), 1982. Cultivation and utilization of medicinal plants. Regional Research Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Jammu-Tawi, India. 877 pp.[97] Backer, C.A. & Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr, R.C., 1963-1968. Flora of Java. 3 volumes. Noordhoff, Groningen, the Netherlands. Vol. 1 (1963) 647 pp., Vol. 2 (1965) 641 pp., Vol. 3 (1968) 761 pp.[164] Blomqvist, M.M., 1997. 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Journal of Tropical Medical Hygiene 90(4): 197-204.[874] Locher, C.P., Witrouw, M., De Bethune, M.P., Burch, M.T., Mover, H.F., Davis, H., Lasure, A., Pauwels, R., De Clerq, E. & Elietinck, A.J., 1996. Antiviral activity of Hawaiian medicinal plants against human immuno deficiency Type 1 (HIV-1). Phytomedicine 2(3): 259-264.[999] Nadeem, M. & Hussain, S.J., 1996. Anti-inflammatory activity of Solanum nigrum Linn. berries. Hamdard Medicus 39(4): 25-27.[1035] Nguyen Van Duong, 1993. Medicinal plants of Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. Mekong Printing, Santa Ana, California, United States. 528 pp.[1087] Omta, S.W.F. & Fortuin, F.T.J.M., 1978. The cultivation of Solanum nigrum L. as a leaf and fruit vegetable in the home gardens of West Java. Mimeographed research report. Institute of Ecology, Pajajaran University, Bandung, Indonesia & Department of Plant Physiology, State University, Groningen, the Netherlands. 70 pp.[1178] Quisumbing, E., 1978. Medicinal plants of the Philippines. Katha Publishing Co., Quezon City, the Philippines. 1262 pp.[1235] Rizk, A.M., 1982. Constituents of plants growing in Qatar I. A chemical survey of 60 plants. Fitoterapia 53: 35-44.[1244] Roddick, J.G., 1986. Steroidal alkaloids of the Solanaceae. In: d'Arcy, W.G. (Editor): Solanaceae: biology and systematics. Columbia University Press, New York, United States. pp. 201-222.[1245] Roddick, J.G., 1991. The importance of the Solanaceae in medicine and drug therapy. In: Hawkes, J.G., Lester, R.N., Nee, M. & Estrada, N. (Editors): Solanaceae III: Taxonomy, chemistry, evolution. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew & the Linnean Society of London, London, United Kingdom. pp. 7-23.[1260] Roychoudhury, R., 1980. Effects of extracts of certain solanaceous plants on plant virus infection. Acta Botanica Indica 8(1): 91-94.[1297] Schilling, E.E. & Andersen, R.N., 1990. The black nightshades (Solanum section Solanum) of the Indian subcontinent. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 102: 253-259.[1356] Siemonsma, J.S. & Kasem Piluek (Editors), 1993. Plant Resources of South-East Asia No 8. Vegetables. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands. 412 pp.[1380] Smitinand, T., 1980. Thai plant names. Royal Forest Department, Bangkok, Thailand. 379 pp.[1432] Symon, D.E., 1981. A revision of the genus Solanum in Australia. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 4: 1-367.[1652] Zhang, Z.-Y., & Lu, A.-M. & D'Arcy, W., 1994. Solanaceae. In: Wu, Z.-Y. & Raven, P.H. (Editors): Flora of China 17. Science Press, Beijing, China & Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, United States. pp. 300-332. == Main genus page ==*[[Solanum (PROSEA Medicinal plants)|''Solanum'']] (Medicinal plants)

*M.M. Blomqvist & Nguyen Tien Ban