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A low-spreading tree of the Pacific Coast of the United States. The chestnuts are made into a gruel or soup by the western Indians<ref>Pickering, C. ''Chron. Hist. Pls.'' 582. 1879.</ref>. The Indians of California pulverize the nut, extract the bitterness by washing with water and form the residue into a cake to be used as food<ref>''U. S. D. A. Rpt.'' 405. 1870.</ref>.

== ''Aesculus hippocastanum'' ==

Turkey. The common horse-chestnut is cultivated for ornament but never for the purpose of a food supply. It is now known to be a native of Greece or the Balkan Mountains<ref>Robinson, J. ''Agr. Mass.'' 34. 1850.</ref>. Pickering<ref>Pickering, C. ''Chron. Hist. Pls.'' 892. 1879.</ref> says it was made known in 1557; Brandis<ref>Brandis, D. ''Forest Fl.'' 104. 1876.</ref>, that it was cultivated in Vienna in 1576; and Emerson<ref>Emerson, G. B. ''Trees, Shrubs Mass.'' 2:546. 1875.</ref>, that it was introduced into the gardens of France in 1615 from Constantinople. John Robinson<ref>Robinson, J. ''Letter to Dr. Sturtevant'' Oct. 13, 1881.</ref> says that it was known in England about 1580. It was introduced to northeast America, says Pickering<ref>Pickering, C. ''Chron. Hist. Pls.'' 892. 1879.</ref>, by European colonists. The seeds are bitter and in their ordinary condition inedible but have been used, says Balfour<ref>Balfour, J. H. ''Man. Bot.'' 459. 1875.</ref>, as a substitute for coffee.

== ''Aesculus indica'' ==

''Aesculus indica'' Coleb. Himalayas. A lofty tree of the Himalaya Mountains called ''kunour'' or ''pangla''<ref>Pickering, C. ''Chron. Hist. Pls.'' 735. 1879. (''Pavia indica'')</ref>. In times of scarcity, the seeds are used as food, ground and mixed with flour after steeping in water<ref>Brandis, D. ''Forest Fl.'' 113. 1876.</ref>.

== ''Aesculus parviflora'' ==

Southern states of America. The fruit, according to Browne<ref>Browne, D. J. ''Trees Amer.'' 121. 1846. (''A. macrostachya'')</ref>, may be eaten boiled or roasted as a chestnut.

[[Category:Sturtevant (1919)]]