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<big>''[[Shorea javanica]]'' Koord. & Valeton</big>
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:Protologue: Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenzorg 2: 3 (1899).
== Vernacular names ==
*Indonesia: damar mata kucing (southern Sumatra), damar sibolga , damar sibosa (northern Sumatra), mesegar lanang (southern Sumatra), damar kaca or "glass damar" (general).
== Origin and geographic distribution ==
== Uses ==
The resin from the wood of ''S. javanica'', "damar mata kucing" or "cat's eye damar", is used in paints and varnishes, in the linoleum industry, in pharmaceuticals, cosmetic products and as a food additive. Traditionally, the resin has been used for torches, caulking boats and baskets and colouring batik. It has been exported.
Its timber is traded as a "white meranti" and is important in the manufacture of plywood and veneer; it is also used for light construction. The importance of ''S. javanica'' in the white meranti trade group is difficult to assess.
Damar mata kucing is a transparent, colourless to slightly yellow solid in the form of balls, with a specific gravity of 1.05, 1.4% moisture content, a softening point of 75-85°C and an acid number of 19-31. It is soluble in aromatic hydrocarbon solvents (benzol, toluol) or in a mixture of these with alcohol but is only slightly soluble in turpentine or mineral aromatic hydrocarbons. Damar mata kucing is produced by several ''Shorea'' and ''Hopea'' species. The quality of the damar mata kucing from ''S. javanica'' is one of the best as it contains relatively littleβ-resene. This is a wax-like compound that causes varnishes made from damar mata kucing to become dull. It needs to be removed if nitrocellulose lacquers are to be manufactured. When treated with alkaline solutions, damar mata kucing yields about 40% resin acids of high quality for varnish manufacture, 45%α-resene and 15%β-resene.
The resin is found in resin canals in tangential rows and elongated groups embedded in wood parenchyma. The density of the wood is 450-840 kg/m<sup>3</sup>at 15% moisture content. See also the table on wood properties.
== Description ==
*A large tree up to 40-50 m tall, bole with a diameter of up to 150 cm, branchless for up to 20(-30) m, buttresses prominent, up to 1.5 m high; bark surface with irregular fissures, outer bark usually thick, chocolate brown, inner bark laminated with bands of orange-yellow and whitish tissue, exuding a clear, whitish to yellowish resin; mature crown hemispherical or dome-shaped, sympodial; twigs, leaf buds, stipule outside, panicles, calyx, parts of petals exposed in bud, ovary and nut persistently evenly tawny brown pubescent; twigs terete, 2-3 mm in diameter apically.
*Leaves alternate, simple; petiole 16-22 mm long; blade elliptical-oblong to ovate, (6.5-)10-15 cm × (3.5-)4-8 cm, base obtuse to shallowly caudate, margin entire, top with acumen, up to 7 mm long, thinly leathery, with 19-25 pairs of parallel secondary veins, lower surface evenly tomentose on the veins.
*Inflorescence terminal or axillary, paniculate, up to 14 cm long, branchlets to 4 cm long, bearing up to 3 flowers facing the same direction.
* Torquebiau, E., 1984. Man-made dipterocarp forest in Sumatra. Agroforestry Systems 2(2): 103-127.
== Authors Selected sources ==
== Main genus page ==
*[[Shorea (white meranti)(PROSEA)|''Shorea''(white meranti) (Timbers)]]
== Authors ==
*H. de Foresta & E. Boer (Exudates)
*M.S.M. Sosef (selection of species, Timbers)
[[Category:Timbers (PROSEA)]]
[[Category:Exudates (PROSEA)]]
[[Category:PROSEA]]
