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*Korthom.
*Used as oil crop, for dying food and as medicinal plant.
[488]
:T., F.
*Coll.: R951 Al Barkat, 27. 4. R3 (F.).
*Lit.: TROTTER 1915, KEITH 1965, HAMMER and PERRINO 1985
== ''Carum carvi'' L. ==
*Karawiya.
*Cultivated as a condiment (seeds). Confused with Cuminum cyminum?
* T.
*Lit.: LETOURNEUX 1889 (only original observation!), TROTTER 1915, KEITH 1965
== ''Carya illinoinensis'' (Wangenh.) K. Koch ==
*An extensive budding work has been performed with this species in Libya for improved nuts and yields.
* T.
*Lit. : KEITH 1965
== ''Casimiroa edulis'' Llave et Lex. ==
*Cultivated as a fruit tree.
* T., C.
*Lit.: KEITH 1965
== '''''Cassia senna''''' L. ==
*Agerge, senha.
*Once cultivated as a medicinal plant. The export of foliage from southern Libyan regions was very intensive.
* F., T.
*Lit.: DELLA CELLA 1819, VOGEL 1860, TROTTER 1915, KEITH 1965
== '''''Casuarina equisetifolia''''' J. R. et J. G. Forster ==
*Planted for sand binding and as wind break.
*T., C., F.
*Lit.: KEITH 1965, HAMMER and PERRINO 1985
== ''Casuarina torulosa'' Dryand. ex Ait. ==
*Planted as a shade tree, for sand binding and as wind break.
*T.
*Lit.: KEITH 1965
== '''''Celtis australis''''' L. ==
*Shekob.
*Commonly planted as a shade tree.
*T., C.
*Lit.: LETOURNEUX 1889, TROTTER 1915, KEITH 1965
== '''''Cenchrus ciliaris''''' L. ==
*Kram kram.
[489]
*Drought resistant fodder grass.
*T., C.
*Lit.: KEITH 1965
== '''''Ceratonia siliqua''''' L. ==
*K'harrub.
*Cultivated for its fruits and as a shade tree.
*T., C., F.
*Lit.: ASCHERSON 1881, TROTTER 1915, KEITH 1965
== ''Chaerophyllum bulbosum'' L. ==
*Sarfil lift.
*Cultivated for its edible roots; the area of cultivation is not indicated.
*Lit.: KEITH 1965
== ''Chamaecytisus proliferus'' (L. f.) Link ==
*Cultivated as a fodder plant; introduced in the sixties (from Australia?).
*T., C.
*Lit.: KEITH 1965
== ''Chenopodium album'' L. ==
*Occasionally cultivated as a leaf vegetable.
*C.
*Coll.: Z 1 Tubruq, 14. 6. 81 (C.).
== '''''Cicer arietinum''''' L. ==
*Hummos.
*Pulse with declining importance.
*C., T., F.
*Lit.: ASCHERSON 1881, TROTTER 1915, KEITH 1965
== '''''Cichorium endivia''''' L. ==
*Hendiba.
*Cultivated as a vegetable.
*T., C.
*Lit.: TROTTER 1915, KEITH 1965
== ''Cichorium intybus'' L. ==
*Handab.
*Used in the same way as ''C. endivia''; the area of cultivation is not indicated.
*Lit.: KEITH 1965
== ''Cinnamomum camphora'' (L.) Sieb. ==
*Kafur.
*Cultivated as a spice plant on a very small scale.
*T.
*Lit.: KEITH 1965
[490]
== '''''Citrullus lanatus''''' (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai ==
*Battikh, dilla.
*Variable crop used for fresh consumption and as food for live stock.
*T., C., F., K.
*Coll.: Z 9 Kharuba, 7. 6. 81 (C.), 8876 Gabrahon, 1. 5. 83 (F.), 8906 Al Qala, 26. 4. 83 (F.).
*Lit.: ASCHERSON 1881, TROTTER 1915, KEITH 1965, HAMMER and PERRINO 1985
== '''''Citrus aurantium''''' L. ==
*Burdgana.
*Fruit tree.
*T., C., F., K.?
*Lit.: ASCHERSON 1881, TROTTER 1915, KEITH 1965
== ''Citrus bergamia'' Risso et Poit. ==
*Lim meschi.
*Fruit tree.
*T.
*Lit.: TROTTER 1915
== ''Citrus deliciosa'' Ten. ==
*Mandalina.
*Fruit tree.
*T., C.
*Lit.: TROTTER 1915, KEITH 1965
== ''Citrus limetta'' Risso ==
*Lemi.
*Fruit. tree.
*T.
*Lit.: TROTTER 1915, KEITH 1965
== '''''Citrus limon''''' Burm. F. ==
*Lim garess.
*Fruit tree.
*C., T., F., K.
*Lit.: AscHERSON 1881, TROTTER 1915, KEITH 1965
== (''Citrus madurensis'' Lour.) ==
*Mentioned by ASCHERSON (1881). The German name "Mandarine" used by Ascherson supports the opinion that ''C. deliciosa'' Ten. was meant.
== ''Citrus maxima'' (Burm.) Merrill ==
*Fruit tree; the area of cultivation is not cited.
*Lit.: KEITH 1965
== '''''Citrus medica''''' L. ==
*Lim garess.
[491]
* Fruit tree.
*T., C., F. (Ghadamis).
*Lit.: AscHERSON 1881, TROTTER 1915, KEITH 1965
== ''Citrus sinensis'' (L.) Osbeck ==
*Lim sokri.
*Fruit tree.
*T., C., F.
* Lit.: HAMMER and PERRINO 1985
== ''Colocasia esculenta'' (L.) Schott ==
*Quqas.
*Cultivated for its thick starchy rhizomes.
*C.
*Lit.: KEITH 1965
== '''''Corchorus olitorius''''' L. ==
*Melokia.
*Cultivated as a pot herb.
*F., T., C., K.
*Coll.: 8819 Goddva, 29. 4. 83 (F.), 8901 Al Qala, 26. 4. 83 (F.), 8931 Ghāt, 27. 4. 83 (F.),
*8950 Al Barkat, 27. 4. 83 (F.).
* Lit.: ASCHERSON 1881, TROTTER 1915, KEITH 1965, HAMMER and PERRINO 1985
== '''''Coriandrum sativum''''' L. ==
*Kussbur.
*The seeds are used as a condiment.
*F., T., C., K.?
*Coll.: Z 6 Kharuba, 7. 6. 81 (C.), 8823 Gocldva, 29. 4. 83 (F.), 8875 Gabrahon, 1. 5. 83 (F.), 8999 Awbari, 28. 4. 83 (F.).
* Lit.: ASCHERSON 1881, TROTTER 1915, KEITH 1965, HAMMER and PERRINO 1985
== ''Crataegus oxyacantha'' L. em. Jacq. ==
*Za'rur.
*Proposed as a hedge plant for erosion control.
*T., C.
*Lit.: KEITH 1965
== ''Crocus sativus'' L. ==
*Zahfran.
*Once cultivated for its stigma, the saffron of commerce.
*T., C.
* Lit.: ASCHERSON 1881, TROTTER 1915, KEITH 1965
Cucumis anguria L.
*Faghoos.
[492]
* Doubtful; no area of cultivation is indicated.
*Lit.: KEITH 1965
== '''''Cucumis melo''''' L. ==
*Faghoos, battikh?
*From the dessert melons convar. ''melo''; convar. ''cassaba'' (Pang.) Grebensc. and convar. ''adana'' (Pang.) Grebensc. are mentioned by KEITH (1965). By the older authors also a vegetable melon is mentioned (convar. ''adzhur'' (Pang.) Grebensc., syn. ''C. chate'' Hasselq.). This melon was formely much more dispersed (e.g. KEIMER 1924), as can be seen also from the last relics of this crop in South Italy (HAMMER et al. 1986 b).
*T., C., F., K.
*Coll.: 33 Samnū, 18. 5. 82 (F.), 55 Arraqabah, 19. 5. 82 (F.), 8021 Qāwāt, 27. 4. 83 (F.), 8884 Gabrahon, 1. 5. 83 (F.), 8887 as before, 8903 Al Qala, 26. 4. 83 (F.), 8921 Al 'Awaynāt, 26. 4. 83 (F.), 8935 Ghāt, 27. 4. 83 (F.), 8996 Garagara, 28. 4. 83 (F.) -all dessert melons.
* Lit.: ASCHERSON 1881, TROTTER 1915, KEITH 1965, HAMMER and PERRINO 1985
== '''''Cucumis sativus''''' L. ==
*Kiar, shiar.
*Fruit vegetable with wide distribution. Mostly modern varieties.
*T., C., F.
*Coll.: Z 7 Kharuba, 7. 6. 81 (C.).
* Lit.: AscHERSON 1881, TROTTER 1915, KEITH 1965, HAMMER and PERRINO 1985
== '''''Cucurbita maxima''''' Duch. ex Lam. ==
*Garra, bekeua.
*Cultivated in the oases as fruit vegetable. The fruits are only of medium size and are cooked before eating. ASCHERSON (1881) stated that the folk systematics of ''Cucurbita'' and also of ''Cucumis'' species is quite clear, whereas "western" authors often make mistakes. The last part of this statement is true even today. Moreover, the folk systematics seems to be now influenced by "western" misuse and, therefore, is becoming confused.
*F., C., T.
*Coll.: Z 8 Kharuba, 7. 6. 81 (C.), 8949 Al Barkat, 27. 4. 83 (F.).
* Lit.: AscHERSON 1881, TROTTER 191"5, KEITH 1965 (as ''C. pepo'' var. ''maxima''), HAMMER and PERRINO 1985
== ''Cucurbita moschata'' (Duch. ex Lam.) Duch. ex Poir. ==
*Qar miski.
*Rare fruit vegeta ble, possibly introduced by the 1 talians. In South 1 taly it
*is an old, variable crop (HAMMER et al. 1986a). The area of cultivation is not
*indicated.
*Lit.: NANNIZZI 1913, TROTTER 1915, KEITH 1965 (as C. pepo var. moschata)
[493]
== '''''Cucurbita pepo''''' L. ==
*Garra, bekeua.
*Wide spread fruit vegetable.
*T., C., F., K.?
*Coll.: 7994 Az Zīghan, 25. 4. 83 (F.), 8990 Garagara, 28. 4. 83 (F.).
*Lit.: ASCHERSON 1881, TROTTER 1915, KEITH 1965, HAMMER and PERRINO 1985
== '''''Cuminum cyminum''''' L. ==
*Cammun.
*Traditional spice plant (seeds).
*F., C.
*Coll.: Z lü Samnü, 18. 5. 82 (F.).
* Lit.: ASCHERSON 1881, TROTTER 1915, KEITH 1965, HAMMER and PERRINO 1985
== '''''Cupressus sempervirens''''' L. var. '''''stricta''''' Ait. ==
*Erez.
*Widely planted for wind breaks.
*T., C.
* Lit.: TROTTER 1915, KEITH 1965
== '''''Cydonia oblonga''''' Mill. ==
*Safarjal.
*Fruit tree.
*T., C., F.
* Lit.: ASCHERSON 1881, TROTTER 1915, KEITH 1965
== ''Cynara cardunculus'' L. ==
*Vegetable, the area of cultivation is not indicated.
*Lit.: KEITH 1965
== '''''Cynara scolymus''''' L. ==
*Karchuf.
*Vegetable, probably introduced by the Italians.
*C., T.?
*Lit.: AscHERSON 1881, TROTTER 1915, KEITH 1965
== '''''Cyperus esculentus''''' L. ==
*Assis.
*The small tubers contain starch, oil and sugar.
*F., T.
* Lit.: TROTJER 1915, CoRn 1942, KEITH 1965, HAMMER and PEH.RINO 1985
== ''Cyperus papyrus'' L. ==
*In ancient times grown for paper making, today cultivatcd on a small scale for matting.
[494]
*T., C.
*Lit.: KEITH 1965
[[Category:Hammer et al. (1988)]]
