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<big>''[[Erythrophleum suaveolens]]'' (Guill. & Perr.) Brenan</big>
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Erythrophleum suaveolens'' (PROTA)}}
:Protologue: Taxon 9: 194 (1960).
:Family: Caesalpiniaceae (Leguminosae - Caesalpinioideae)
:Chromosome number: 2''n'' 2n = 24, 28
== Synonyms ==
*''Erythrophleum guineense'' G.Don (1832).
== Vernacular names ==
*Forest ordeal tree, red water tree, sasswood tree (En). *Bois rouge, poison d’épreuve, tali, grand tali, mancône (Fr). *Mancone, muave (Po). *Mwavi, mwavi dume, mbaraka mkuu, mkelekele (Sw).
== Origin and geographic distribution ==
''Erythrophleum'' comprises about 10 species, 4 or 5 of which occur in continental Africa, 1 in Madagascar, 3 in eastern Asia, and 1 in Australia. The genus is one of the few ''Caesalpiniaceae'' reported to contain alkaloids. ''Erythrophleum suaveolens'' superficially resembles ''Burkea africana'' Hook. Mistakes in identification have led to accidental poisoning and even death.
=== ''Erythrophleum lasianthum'' ===''[[Erythrophleum lasianthum]]'' Corbishley, the ‘Swazi ordeal tree’, closely resembles ''Erythrophleum suaveolens''. It is restricted to the area from southern Mozambique south to Swaziland. In South Africa the powdered bark is taken as a snuff to relieve headache, as a remedy for other pains and fever, and to cure lung sickness in cattle. The bark has been used as ordeal poison in the same way as ''Erythrophleum suaveolens'', and is also used as a fish and rat poison. The bark contains cardioactive alkaloids, mainly norcassamidine.
== Anatomy ==
Growth rings: 2: growth ring boundaries indistinct or absent. Vessels: 5: wood diffuse-porous; 13: simple perforation plates; 22: intervessel pits alternate; 23: shape of alternate pits polygonal; 26: intervessel pits medium (7–10 μm); (27: intervessel pits large (<font size="1">≥</font> 10 μm)); 29: vestured pits; 30: vessel-ray pits with distinct borders; similar to intervessel pits in size and shape throughout the ray cell; 42: mean tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100–200 μm; 43: mean tangential diameter of vessel lumina <font size="1">≥</font> 200 μm; 46: <font size="1">≤</font> 5 vessels per square millimetre; (47: 5–20 vessels per square millimetre); 58: gums and other deposits in heartwood vessels. Tracheids and fibres: 61: fibres with simple to minutely bordered pits; 66: non-septate fibres present; 70: fibres very thick-walled. Axial parenchyma: 80: axial parenchyma aliform; 81: axial parenchyma lozenge-aliform; 83: axial parenchyma confluent; 84: axial parenchyma unilateral paratracheal; 91: two cells per parenchyma strand; 92: four (3–4) cells per parenchyma strand. Rays: 97: ray width 1–3 cells; 104: all ray cells procumbent; 115: 4–12 rays per mm. Storied structure: 118: all rays storied; 122: rays and/or axial elements irregularly storied. Mineral inclusions: 136: prismatic crystals present; 142: prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells.
{{right|(E. Uetimane, H. Beeckman & P.E. Gasson)}}
== Growth and development ==
== Author(s) ==
* J.M. Okeyo , TSBF-CIAT, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), P.O. Box 30677, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
== Correct citation of this article ==
Okeyo, J.M., 2006. '''Erythrophleum suaveolens''' (Guill. & Perr.) Brenan. [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. In: Schmelzer, G.H. & Gurib-Fakim, A. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. <http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp>. Accessed {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}.
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[[Category:PROTA prov]][[Category:Medicinal plants (PROTA)]]
