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<big>''[[Datura stramonium]]'' L.</big>
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Datura stramonium'' (PROTA)}}
:Protologue: Sp. pl. 1: 179 (1753).
:Family: Solanaceae
:Chromosome number: 2''n'' 2n = 24 == Synonyms ==
== Vernacular names ==
*Thorn apple, green thorn apple, Jimson weed, Jamestown weed, devil’s apple, devil’s trumpet, stramonium (En). *Pomme épineuse, stramoine, datura, feuille du diable, herbe du diable (Fr). *Figueira do inferno, pomo espinhoso, erva dos bruxos, palha verde, estramonio (Po). *Muranha (Sw).
== Origin and geographic distribution ==
== Other botanical information ==
''Datura'' comprises about 10 species, which all originated in the New World; most species have been introduced throughout the world. ''Datura stramonium'' belongs to section ''Stramonium''. ''[[Datura ferox]]'' L. (longspine thornapple, fierce thornapple) belongs to the same section, and is recorded with certainty only in Cape Verde, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe. Compared to ''Datura stramonium'', it has wider leaves and larger fruits with fewer but stouter spines. The medicinal uses are similar to those for the other ''Datura'' species. The main alkaloid in its leaves is scopolamine and not hyoscyamine as in ''Datura stramonium'', although both species produce hyoscyamine in the roots. In ''Datura ferox'' hyoscyamine is transformed into scopolamine in the above-ground parts.
''Brugmansia'' is considered here as a separate genus, although it is often treated as a section of ''Datura'' (section ''Brugmansia''). It mainly differs in its habit (a woody, comparatively long-lived shrub or small tree), its mode of growth (reproducing vegetatively by root suckers), its pendulous or inclined flowers open throughout anthesis for 4–6 days with spathe-like, not circumscissile calyx and long pedicel, and its fruit being a usually indehiscent, unarmed berry. Chemically, ''Datura'' and ''Brugmansia'' are similar, and consequently they have similar medicinal applications. However, the primary use of the ''Brugmansia'' species is ornamental.
== Author(s) ==
* F.S. Mairura, Kenya Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya
== Correct citation of this article ==
Mairura, F.S. & Setshogo, M.P., 2008. '''Datura stramonium''' L. [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. In: Schmelzer, G.H. & Gurib-Fakim, A. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. <http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp>. Accessed {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}.
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[[Category:PROTA prov]][[Category:Medicinal plants (PROTA)]]
