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<big>''[[Cynoglossum coeruleum]]'' A.DC.</big>
__NOTOC__
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Cynoglossum coeruleum'' (PROTA)}}
:Protologue: Prodr. 10: 148 (1846).
:Family: Boraginaceae
:Chromosome number: 2''n'' 2n = 24
== Synonyms ==
*''Cynoglossum geometricum'' Baker & C.H.Wright (1905). == Vernacular names ==
== Origin and geographic distribution ==
No specific analyses of the properties of ''Cynoglossum coeruleum'' are known. Several other ''Cynoglossum'' species are highly toxic for horses and cattle, mainly during the rosette stage, due to the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Two pyrrolizidine alkaloids have been recorded from another African species, ''Cynoglossum lanceolatum'' Forssk.: cynaustraline and cynaustine, and five from the Asian and American ''Cynoglossum amabile'' Stapf & J.R.Drumm.: supinine, amabiline, rinderine, echinatine and 3’-O-acetylechinatine. ''Cynoglossum officinale'' L., a native of Europe and western temperate Asia and an introduced weed in the United States, is by far the most comprehensively studied species of the genus.
== Botany Description ==
Perennial, biennial or annual herb up to 120 cm tall, very densely hairy on young parts, usually with thick woody taproot. Leaves alternate, simple and entire; stipules absent; petiole 2–10 cm long in basal leaves, upper leaves sessile; blade narrowly ovate, elliptical-oblong, linear-oblong or oblanceolate, basal ones 8–21(–30) cm × 1–6 cm, rough with short adpressed hairs from white cystolith dots, apex acute. Inflorescence an axillary or terminal scorpioid cyme, simple, dichasial or trifid, without bracts. Flowers bisexual, regular, 5-merous; corolla blue or pinkish mauve, tube c. 2 mm long. Fruit consisting of 4 compressed ovoid nutlets, (2.5–)3.5–4 mm long, reddish, covered all over by barbed hairs.
=== ''Cynoglossum lanceolatum'' ===
''[[Cynoglossum lanceolatum]]'' is used in Ethiopia as a febrifuge and leaves are added to soup in Nigeria. In Vietnam, it is considered diuretic.
=== ''Cynoglossum monophlebium'' ===
''[[Cynoglossum monophlebium]]'' Baker is an endemic of Madagascar and is used as an antirheumatic.
=== ''Cynoglossum amabile'' ===
''[[Cynoglossum amabile]]'' has been introduced in East Africa as an ornamental and has become naturalized in parts of Tanzania. It is used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cough, scrofula and to stop bleeding of wounds.
== Ecology ==
== Author(s) ==
* C.H. Bosch , PROTA Network Office Europe, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 341, 6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands
== Correct citation of this article ==
Bosch, C.H., 2006. '''Cynoglossum coeruleum''' DC. [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. In: Schmelzer, G.H. & Gurib-Fakim, A. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. <http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp>. Accessed {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}.
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[[Category:PROTA prov]][[Category:Medicinal plants (PROTA)]]