Dipterocarpus costatus (PROSEA)

Plant Resources of South-East Asia Introduction

List of species

Dipterocarpus costatus Gaertner f.

Protologue: Fruct. 3: 50, t. 187 (1805).

Synonyms

• Dipterocarpus insularis Hance (1876),
• Dipterocarpus artocarpifolius Pierre ex Lanessan (1889),
• Dipterocarpus parvifolius Heim (1903).

Vernacular names

• Malaysia: keruing bukit (Peninsular)
• Burma: kanyin in, kanyin po, kanyin-ywet-the
• Cambodia: chhë: ti:ël bângku:ëy, chhë: ti:ël ni:ëng daèng
• Laos: nha:ng dè:ng
• Thailand: yang-pai (general), yang-khao (north-eastern), yang-kabueang (peninsular)
• Vietnam: dầu mít, dầu cát.

Distribution

Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and Peninsular Malaysia.

Uses

The timber is used as keruing. A wood-oil is collected from the tree.

Observations

• A medium-sized to fairly large tree of up to 40 m tall, bole branchless for up to 20 m, with a diameter of up to 160 cm, and no buttresses, bark surface scaly, outer bark rather thick, reddish-brown; buds ovoid to lanceolate, pale golden-brown pubescent.
• Leaves ovate or elliptical, 5.5-17 cm × 3-7 cm, base obtuse or broadly cuneate, acumen up to 6 mm long, secondary veins 11-13(-15) pairs, ascending, midrib densely persistently pubescent above, beneath sparsely, somewhat caducously pubescent, petiole 1.5-3 cm long, stipules lorate, tapering and subacute, adpressed pubescent.
• Stamens 18-20.
• Fruit calyx tube sparsely, somewhat caducously pubescent with 5 wings of up to 2 mm wide, 2 larger fruit calyx lobes up to 11.5 cm × 2.5 cm, 3 shorter ones to 15 mm × 15 mm.

D. costatus occurs scattered or semi-gregariously on well-drained, acid soils in lowland and hill dipterocarp forest, in humid and seasonally dry areas, up to 1200 m altitude. The density of the wood is 740-970 kg/m³at 15% moisture content. A natural hybrid between D. costatus and D. obtusifolius has been observed in Thailand and Burma, and between D. costatus and D. gracilis in Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia.

Selected sources

102, 235, 253, 258, 389, 628, 677, 748.

Main genus page

• Dipterocarpus (Timbers)

Authors

• T. Smitinand (selection of species),
• C. Phengklai (selection of species),
• L.E. Groen (selection of species)