Canarium littorale (PROSEA)
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Introduction |
Canarium littorale Blume
- Protologue: Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind.: 1164 (1826).
Synonyms
- Canarium tomentosum Blume (1850),
- Canarium purpurascens Benn. (1875),
- Canarium rufum Benn. (1875).
Vernacular names
- Brunei: damar kahingai, jelemu nanking, kawangan
- Indonesia: mardundung (Palembang, Sumatra), ki kanari (Sundanese, Java), deluwak (Javanese, Java).Malaysia: kedondong bulan, kedondong gergaji, kedondong puteh (Peninsular).
Distribution
Indo-China, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java and Borneo.
Uses
C. littorale is an important source of kedondong wood; the wood is used for e.g. house building. The resin is used for caulking boats, and is regarded in Chinese medicine as useful against itching.
Observations
- A medium-sized to large tree up to 45 m tall, bole branchless for up to 21 m, up to 100 cm in diameter, sometimes with short buttresses, bark surface smooth to dippled and scaly, grey-green to yellowish-brown, inner bark laminated, orange-red to brownish.
- Stipules caducous or semi-persistent, kidney-shaped with wavy to deeply lobed margins; leaves with (1-)5-13 leaflets, rachis glabrous or hairy, leaflets shortly acuminate at apex, margin entire to serrulate or dentate, glabrous to densely tomentose below and on the midrib above, with 9-22 pairs of secondary veins which are more or less sunken above.
- Inflorescence terminal, sometimes with additional axillary one, male one paniculate, female one subracemose.
- Flowers 8-13 mm long, stamens 6.
- Fruit ellipsoid to obovoid, circular to triangular in cross-section, 45-70 mm × 15-30 mm, glabrous to sparsely pilose.
C. littorale is highly variable with 5 recognized forms. These are f. littorale, f. purpurascens (Benn.) Leenh., f. pruinosum (Engl.) Leenh., f. tomentosum (Blume) Leenh., and f. rufum (Benn.) Leenh. C. littorale is common in well-drained to swampy locations in humid climates to climates with slightly seasonal conditions, usually in lowland forest but sometimes in montane forest, up to 1100(-2000) m altitude. The density of the wood is 410-680 kg/m3 at 15% moisture content. See also the table on wood properties.
Selected sources
9, 77, 78, 99, 162, 294, 342, 366, 463, 465, 522, 705.
Authors
M.S.M. Sosef (selection of species)
