Boswellia papyrifera (Bekele-Tesemma, 2007)
| Boswellia papyrifera (Bekele-Tesemma, 2007) |
Boswellia papyrifera Burseraceae Indigenous
habit
leaf, flowers, fruit
leaves, flowers
Common names
- English: Bitter frankincense
- Agewgna: Fatuka
- Amargna: Kererrie, Ye‑tigre etan zaf
- Haderigna: Libanat
- Oromugna: Galgalem, Kafal
- Tigrigna: Dankwa, Meger, Walba
Ecology
Found in Acacia-Commiphora woodland and wooded grassland in North Africa, Arabia and Somalia. In Ethiopia, the tree is found in Dry Kolla agroclimatic zone of Tigray, Gonder, Gojam and Shoa regions, often on steep rocky slopes, lava flows or in sandy river valleys, 950–1,800 m.
Uses
Live fence, incense (resin).
Description
A deciduous tree to 4–12 m or more, with thick branches tipped with clusters of leaves, the crown rounded.
- BARK: Smooth, pale yellow-brown, peeling off in large papery pieces. A cut looks red-brown and a fragrant milky resin drips out.
- LEAVES: Large and compound on a stalk to 45 cm, 6–8 pairs of leaflets plus one at the tip, each oval, 4–8 cm, densely hairy below, the edge sharp or round-toothed, sometimes doubletoothed.
- FLOWERS: Sweet smelling, develop on loose heads at the ends of thick branchlets, appearing before the new leaves. The red flower stalk, to 35 cm, bears the white-pink flowers with 5 petals and 10 yellow stamens.
- FRUIT: Red capsules about 2 cm long, 3-sided with 3 hard seeds inside.
Propagation
Seedlings, cuttings.
Seed
- Treatment: No need
- Storage: Stores well.
Management
The tree needs to rest from 2-5 years before the second harvest of resin-gum. overexploitation could damage the trees.
Remarks
Harvesting of resin can take place most of the year. The bark is scraped for resingum droplets. This first cutting is thrown away and a second cutting taken weeks later is only of low quality. A third cutting produces quality frankincense. B. papyrifera has a very similar resin and is used as frankincense in Ethiopia. B. ogadensis, special to Harerge, has simple leaflets and produces a good resin also.
