Boerhavia diffusa (PROSEA)

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Plant Resources of South-East Asia
Introduction
List of species


Boerhavia diffusa L.

Protologue: Sp. pl. 1: 3 (1753).

Synonyms

  • Boerhavia repens L. (1753),
  • Boerhavia coccinea Miller (1768),
  • Boerhavia paniculata Rich. (1792),
  • Boerhavia adscendens Willd. (1797).

Vernacular names

  • Spreading hogweed (En)
  • Papua New Guinea: mamauri (Yule Island, Central Province)
  • Philippines: paanbalibis (Tagalog), katkatud, tabtabokol (Iloko).
  • Burma (Myanmar): khomhin pak
  • Thailand: phak bia hin (northern), nang kuu sae (Karen, northern), phak khom hin (central)
  • Vietnam: sâm rừng, sâm dất, sâm nam.

Distribution

Pantropical, throughout Malesia, Australia and the Pacific.

Uses

In Malaysia, a decoction of the aerial parts is widely used as a diuretic. The root is purgative, anthelmintic and a febrifuge. In Papua New Guinea, the scraped root is eaten raw or a decoction of the leaves is drunk to induce sterility in women. In Africa, the leaves are sometimes eaten as a vegetable.

Observations

  • An annual or perennial, erect, ascending, creeping or climbing herb, 0.4-1(-2) m tall, puberulous to glabrescent, with club-shaped or stalked glands and glandular hairs, root fusiform, often woody.
  • Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 0.5-4 cm × 0.3-4 cm, base obtuse, cordate or truncate, apex acute to obtuse, beneath often white, sometimes with red marginal glands, petiole 1-3.5 cm long.
  • Flowers 1-12 together in cymose panicles, 0.5-7 cm × 1-6 cm, peduncle 2-5 cm long, 1-3 times branched; pedicel 0.3-2 mm long, bracteoles 1-3, perianth campanulate, 1.5-2.3 mm long, with a distinct constriction in the middle, white, red, pink or violet, stamens 1-3, like style barely exserted.
  • Anthocarp club-shaped, 2.5-3.3 mm long, 5-ribbed, with minute scattered, club-shaped, stalked or sessile glands.

B. diffusa occurs in dry open localities, pastures, along railroads, roads, and in secondary forest, on rocks and sand, from sea-level up to 1000(-2000) m altitude.

Selected sources

  • [70] Awasthi, L.P. & Menzel, G., 1986. Effect of root extract from Boerhaavia diffusa L., containing an antiviral principle upon plaque formation of RNA bacteriophages. Zentralblatt für Mikrobiologie 141(5): 415—419.
  • [71] Awasthi, L.P., Pathak, S.P. & Gautam, N.C., 1985. Control of virus diseases of vegetable crops by a glycoprotein isolated from Boerhaavia diffusa. Indian Journal of Plant Pathology 3(1): 59—63.
  • [74] Backer, C.A. & Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr, R.C., 1964—1968. Flora of Java. 3 volumes. Noordhoff, Groningen, the Netherlands. Vol. 1 (1964) 647 pp., Vol. 2 (1965) 641 pp., Vol. 3 (1968) 761 pp.
  • [88] Barthwal, M. & Srivastava, K., 1990. Histologic studies on endometrium of menstruating monkeys wearing IUDs: comparative evaluation of drugs. Advances in Contraception 6(2): 113—124.
  • [89] Barthwal, M. & Srivastava, K., 1991. Management of IUD-associated menorrhagia in female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Advances in Contraception 7(1): 67—76.
  • [135] Burkill, I.H., 1966. A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. Revised reprint. 2 volumes. Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Vol. 1 (A—H) pp. 1—1240, Vol. 2 (I—Z) pp. 1241—2444.
  • [154] Chakraborti, K.K. & Handa, S.S., 1989. Antihepatotoxic investigations of Boerhavia diffusa L. Indian Drugs 27(3): 161—166.
  • [159] Chandan, B.K., Sharma, A.K. & Anand, K.K., 1991. Boerhavia diffusa: A study of hepatoprotective activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 31(3): 299—307.
  • [198] Chowdhury, A. & Sen, P.B., 1955. Boerhavia diffusa. Effect on diuresis and some renal enzymes. Annals of Biochemistry and Experimental Medicine 15: 119—126.
  • [215] Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1948—1976. The wealth of India: a dictionary of Indian raw materials & industrial products. 11 volumes. Publications and Information Directorate, New Delhi, India.
  • [293] Fadeyi, M.O., Adeoyo, A.O. & Olowokudejo, J.D., 1989. Epidermal and phytochemical studies in the genus Boerhavia (Nyctaginaceae) in Nigeria. International Journal of Crude Drug Research 27(3): 178—184.
  • [333] Gaitonde, B.B., Kulharni, H.J., Nabar, S.D. & Joglekar, S.N., 1974. Diuretic activity of Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa). Bulletin of the Haffkine Institute 2: 24.
  • [580] Lami, N., Kadota, S., Kikuchi, T. & Momose, Y., 1991. Constituents of the roots of Boerhavia diffusa L. III. Identification of Ca2+ channel antagonistic compound from the methanol extract. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 39(6): 1551—1555.
  • [606] Li, J., Li, H., Kadota, S., Namba, T., Miyahara, T. & Khan, U.G., 1996. Effects on cultured neonatal mouse calvaria of the flavonoids isolated from Boerhaavia repens. Journal of Natural Products 59(11): 1015—1018.
  • [676] Mitra, R. & Gupta, R.C., 1997. Punarnava - an Ayurvedic drug of repute. Applied Botany Abstracts 17(3): 209—277.
  • [696] Morton, J.F., 1981. Atlas of medicinal plants of Middle America. Bahamas to Yucatan. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, United States. 1420 pp.
  • [707] Murugan, K., Jeyabalan, D., Kumar, N.S., Nathan, S.S. & Sivaprakasam, N., 1998. Growth promoting effects of plant products on silkworm - a biotechnological approach. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 57(10/11): 740—745.
  • [739] Nguyen Van Duong, 1993. Medicinal plants of Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. Mekong Printing, Santa Ana, California, United States. 528 pp.
  • [745] Noba, K. & Ba, A.T., 1992. Réexamen de la systématique de 3 espèces du genre Boerhavia L. (Nyctaginaceae) [Re-examination of the systematics of 3 species of the genus Boerhavia L. (Nyctaginaceae)]. Webbia 46(2): 327—339.
  • [751] Ojewole, J.A.O. & Adesina, S.K., 1983. Effects of hypoxanthine-9-L-arabinofuranoside, a nucleoside from the roots of Boerhaavia diffusa L. (Nyctaginaceae), on isolated coronary artery of the goat. Fitoterapia 54(4): 163—169.
  • [787] Perumal, S.R., Ignacimuthu, S. & Raja, D.P., 1999. Preliminary screening of ethnomedicinal plants from India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 66(2): 235—240.
  • [823] Ramabhimaiah, S., Stalin, D. & Kalaskar, N.J. 1984. Pharmacological investigations on the water soluble fraction of methanol extract of Boerhaavia diffusa. Indian drugs 21(8): 343—344.
  • [913] Shrivastava, N. & Padhya, M.A., 1995. "Punarnavine"" profile in the regenerated roots of Boerhaavia diffusa L. from leaf segments. Current Science 68(6): 653—656.
  • [918] Singh, A., Singh, R.H., Mishra, N. & Singh, N., 1991. An experimental evaluation of possible teratogenic potential in Boerhaavia diffusa in albino rats. Planta Medica 57(4): 315—316.
  • [930] Singh, R.H. & Udupa, K.N., 1972. Studies on the Indian indigenous drug Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa L.). Part III. Experimental and pharmacological studies. Journal of Research in Indian Medicine 7(3): 17—27.
  • [931] Singh, R.H. & Udupa, K.N., 1972. Studies on the Indian indigenous drug Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa L.). Part IV. Preliminary controlled clinical trial in Nephrotic syndrome. Journal of Research in Indian Medicine 7(3): 28—33.
  • [1041] Verma, H.N. & Awasthi, L.P., 1979. Antiviral activity of Boerhaavia diffusa root extract and the physical properties of the virus inhibitor. Canadian Journal of Botany 57(8): 926—932.

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Authors

  • Slamet Sutanti Budi Rahayu
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