Alstonia macrophylla (PROSEA)

From PlantUse English
Jump to: navigation, search
Logo PROSEA.png
Plant Resources of South-East Asia
Introduction
List of species


Alstonia macrophylla Wallich ex G. Don

Protologue: Gen. syst. 4: 87 (1837).

Synonyms

  • Alstonia batino Blanco (1845)
  • Alstonia pangkorensis King & Gamble (1907)
  • Alstonia oblongifolia Merr. (1915)
  • Alstonia brassii Monach. (1949)

Vernacular names

  • Hard alstonia, hard milkwood (En)
  • Indonesia: pule batu (Ambon), kai riti (Seram), ai oi (Biak)
  • Malaysia: pulai penipu bukit (Peninsular), pulai daun besar, sayongan (Sabah)
  • Papua New Guinea: ai wawoi (Papua), andelagar (Enga), dero (Madang)
  • Philippines: batino (Tagalog, Bikol, Pangasinan), kuyau-kuyau (Bikol), itang-itang (Panay Bisaya), cayacayao
  • Thailand: thungfa (peninsular), kra thungfa hai (Chumphon), teen thian (Songkhla)
  • Vietnam: sữa lá lớn, mớp lá to.

Distribution

From Sri Lanka and Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam to Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo (Sabah), the Philippines, the Moluccas and New Guinea. Cultivated in India and Africa.

Uses

The wood is used as hard alstonia. Because of its wavy and attractive nature, it is especially suitable for furniture and flooring.

In the Philippines, the bark in the form of powder, decoction, infusion, tincture or wine preparation is used as a febrifuge, tonic, antiperiodic, antidysenteric, emmenagogue, anticholeric and a vulnerary. In Thailand, the bark is used as a tonic, antiamoebic, emmenagogue and antimalarial. In the Central Province (Papua New Guinea) a decoction of the young leaves is drunk to cure lung and ear congestions. In the Oro (Northern) Province (Papua New Guinea) the scraped bark is mixed with water and drunk, as well as used to wash the forehead, to relieve a headache.

Observations

  • A small to medium-sized tree up to 30(-50) m tall, bole straight, up to 100 cm in diameter, sometimes fluted at the base or with small buttresses, outer bark blackish-brown to grey, smooth or rough, minutely scaly, tuberculate, or fissured, inner bark cream, with broken, orange-yellow laminations, without latex.
  • Leaves in whorls of 3-4, obovate or narrowly obovate, sometimes elliptical to narrowly elliptical, 4.5-25(-32) cm × 1.5-10.5 cm, apex rounded to narrowly acuminate, with 12-25(-31) pairs of secondary veins, petiole 2-25 mm long.
  • Inflorescence many-flowered.
  • Pedicel 1-4 mm long, calyx laxly puberulous to glabrous, corolla glabrous outside.
  • Follicles glabrous.

A. macrophylla grows in a wide range of vegetation types and soils in primary and disturbed forest ranging from flooded areas to montane forest, on soils ranging from sandy clay to limestone, from sea-level to about 2900 m altitude.

Selected sources

  • [6] Abe, F., Yamauchi, T. & Santisuk, T., 1994. Indole alkaloids from leaves of Alstonia macrophylla in Thailand. Phytochemistry 35(1): 249—252.
  • [68] Atta-ur-Rahman, Abbas, S.A., Farzana, N., Gulzar, A., Choudhary, M.I., Alvi, K.A., Habib-ur-Rehman, de Silva, K.T.D. & Arambewela, L.S.R., 1991. Chemical constituents of Alstonia macrophylla. Journal of Natural Products 54(3): 750—754.
  • [100]Burgess, P.F., 1966. Timbers of Sabah. Sabah Forest Records No 6. Forest Department, Sabah, Sandakan. xviii + 501 pp.
  • [146]Cockburn, P.F., 1976–1980. Trees of Sabah. 2 volumes. Sabah Forest Records No 10. Forest Department Sabah, Kuching.
  • [216] Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1985. The wealth of India: a dictionary of Indian raw materials & industrial products. Revised Edition. Vol. 1. Publications and Information Directorate, New Delhi, India. 513 pp.
  • [175]de Guzman, E, R. M. Umali, & E.D. Sotalbo, 1986. Guide to Philippine flora and fauna. Vol. 3: dipterocarps, non-dipterocarps. Natural Resources Management Center, Ministry of Natural Resources & University of the Philippines, Manila. xx + 414 pp.
  • [307]Hallé, F., Oldeman, R.A.A. & Tomlinson, P.B., 1978. Tropical trees and forests. An architectural analysis. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. 441 pp.
  • [315]Hegnauer, R., 1962–1992. Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen *[Chemo-taxonomy of plants]. 10 volumes. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Stuttgart.
  • [427] Holdsworth, D.K., 1993. Medicinal plants of the Oro (Northern) Province of Papua New Guinea. International Journal of Pharmacognosy 31: 23—28.
  • [431] Holdsworth, D.K. & Lacanienta, E., 1981. Traditional medicinal plants of the Central Province of Papua New Guinea. Part I. Quarterly Journal of Crude Drug Research 19(4): 144—154.
  • [520] Keawpradub, N. & Houghton, P.J., 1997. Indole alkaloids from Alstonia macrophylla. Phytochemistry 46(4): 757—762.
  • [370]Kochummen, K.M. & Wong, K.M., 1984. A new Alstonia (Apocynaceae) from the Malay Peninsula and some comments on the genus. Blumea 29: 513–522.
  • [455]Markgraf, F., 1974. Florae Malesianae praecursores LIV. Apocynaceae part III. 9. Alstonia. Blumea 22: 20–29.
  • [484]Meniado, J.A. et al., 1975–1981. Wood identification handbook for Philippine timbers. 2 volumes. Government Printing Office, Manila. 370 & 186 pp.
  • [672] Middleton, D.J., 1999. Apocynaceae. In: Santisuk, T. & Larsen, K. (Editors). Flora of Thailand. Vol. 7(1). The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok, Thailand. pp. 1—153.
  • [496]Monachino, J., 1949. A revision of the genus Alstonia (Apocynaceae). Pacific Science 3: 133–182.
  • [786] Perry, L.M., 1980. Medicinal plants of East and Southeast Asia. Attributed properties and uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States & London, United Kingdom. 620 pp.
  • [810] Quisumbing, E., 1978. Medicinal plants of the Philippines. Katha Publishing Co., Quezon City, the Philippines. 1262 pp.
  • [568]Rahman, A.U., et al., 1988. Alkaloids from Alstonia macrophylla. Phytochemistry 27: 3653–3655.
  • [834] Ratnayake, C.K., Arambewela, L.S.R., de Silva, K.T.D., Atta-ur-Rahman & Alvi, K.A., 1987. Alkaloids of Alstonia macrophylla. Phytochemistry 26(3): 868—870.
  • [579]Reyes, L.J., 1938. Philippine woods. Technical Bulletin No 7. Commonwealth of the Philippines, Department of Agriculture and Commerce. Bureau of Printing, Manila. 536 pp. + 88 plates.
  • [867] Saralamp, P., Chuakul, W., Temsiririrkkul, R. & Clayton, T. (Editors), 1996. Medicinal plants in Thailand. Vol. I. Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. 219 pp.
  • [608]Seeber, G., Weidelt, H.J. & Banaag, V.S., 1979. Dendrological characters of important trees from eastern Mindanao. Philippine-German Rain Forest Development Project. German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ), Eschborn. 440 pp.
  • [617]Siapno, I.B., 1983. Alstonia macrophylla. Sri Lanka Forester 16: 37.
  • [619]Sim, H.C., 1982. Malaysian timbers – pulai. Malaysian Forest Service Trade Leaflet No 64. Malaysian Timber Industry Board, Kuala Lumpur. 7 pp.
  • [625]Smitinand, T., 1980. Thai plant names. Royal Forest Department, Bangkok. 379 pp.
  • [950] Soerianegara, I. & Lemmens, R.H.M.J. (Editors), 1993. Plant Resources of South-East Asia No 5(1). Timber trees: Major commercial timbers. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands. 610 pp.
  • [704]Tomlinson, P.B. & Zimmerman, M.H. (Editors), 1978. Tropical trees as living systems. The proceedings of the Fourth Cabot Symposium held at Harvard Forest, Petersham, Massachusetts on April 26–30, 1976. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne. 675 pp.,
  • [779]Whitmore, T.C. & Ng, F.S.P. (Editors), 1972–1989. Tree flora of Malaya. A manual for foresters. 4 Volumes. 2nd ed. Malayan Forest Records No 26. Longman Malaysia SDN Berhad, Kuala Lumpur.
  • [1078] Wong, W.H., Lim, P.B. & Chuah, C.H., 1996. Oxindole alkaloids from Alstonia macrophylla. Phytochemistry 41(1): 313—315.

Main genus page

Authors

  • Rudjiman
  • Stephen P. Teo
Retrieved from "https://uses.plantnet-project.org/e/index.php?title=Alstonia_macrophylla_(PROSEA)&oldid=334291"