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Drypetes gerrardii (PROTA)

446 bytes added, 10:34, 5 July 2015
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<big>''[[Drypetes gerrardii]]'' Hutch.</big>
 
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Drypetes gerrardii'' (PROTA)}}
 
:Protologue: Dyer, Fl. cap. 5(2): 405 (1920).
''Drypetes'' comprises about 210 species and is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. About 60 species occur in continental Africa and about 15 in the Indian Ocean islands. The wood of several other ''Drypetes'' spp. is used locally in tropical Africa.
=== ''Drypetes afzelii'' ===''[[Drypetes afzelii]]'' (Pax) Hutch. is a shrub or small tree up to 10 m tall, occurring in West Africa, from Sierra Leone to Ghana. Its greyish to pale brown wood is hard, durable and quite resistant to termites and probably used for construction. The gum from the bole is rubbed on the body because of its aromatic scent. ''Drypetes afzelii'' is classified as vulnerable in the IUCN Red List because it is uncommon and suffered from decline of its habitat, i.e. wet evergreen forest.
=== ''Drypetes arguta'' ===''[[Drypetes arguta]]'' (Müll.Arg.) Hutch. is a shrub or small tree up to 8 m tall, occurring from Tanzania south to eastern South Africa. In South Africa small logs, with a mean length of 150 cm and mean diameter of 22 cm, are used for wall laths in building traditional houses, and the wood is used for sticks. The fruits are edible and used to make an intoxicating drink.
=== ''Drypetes aubrevillei'' ===''[[Drypetes aubrevillei]]'' Leandri is a small to medium-sized tree up to 25 m tall with bole up to 50 cm in diameter. It is found in West Africa, from Sierra Leone to Ghana. Its pale yellow wood is heavy, with a density of about 960 kg/m³ at 12% moisture content, and hard. It is used in house construction. The bark is used in traditional medicine; it is applied externally to treat bronchitis, lumbago, rheumatism and kidney pain, and is taken as expectorant.
=== ''Drypetes aylmeri'' ===''[[Drypetes aylmeri]]'' Hutch. & Dalziel is a small tree up to 13 m tall, with bole up to 25 cm in diameter. It is also found in West Africa, from Sierra Leone to Ghana. Its whitish wood is hard, durable and quite resistant to termites, and used in house construction.
=== ''Drypetes bathiei'' ===''[[Drypetes bathiei]]'' Capuron & Leandri is a shrub up to 4 m tall, occurring in northern and eastern Madagascar. Its hard wood is used for construction, tool handles and sticks.
=== ''Drypetes caustica'' ===''[[Drypetes caustica]]'' (Frapp. ex Cordem.) Airy Shaw is a small to medium-sized tree up to 20 m tall, endemic to Réunion and Mauritius. The wood has been used for construction, but ''Drypetes caustica'' has become rare and exploitation should be discouraged.
=== ''Drypetes floribunda'' ===''[[Drypetes floribunda]]'' (Müll.Arg.) Hutch. is a small tree up to 10 m tall, occurring from Senegal east to DR Congo in dry forest and savanna. Its whitish wood is hard and used in house construction and for poles, and also as firewood. The pulp of the orange-red fruits is edible, and twigs are used as chew-sticks for cleaning the teeth.
=== ''Drypetes gilgiana'' ===''[[Drypetes gilgiana]]'' (Pax) Pax & K.Hoffm. is a shrub or small tree up to 10(–15) m tall, with bole up to 25 cm in diameter. It occurs from Senegal east to Cameroon in various forest types. Its pale brown wood is hard, and used in traps for animals and probably also for construction. The pulp of the orange-red fruits is sweet and edible, but not commonly consumed.
=== ''Drypetes gossweileri'' ===''[[Drypetes gossweileri]]'' S.Moore is a medium-sized tree up to 30(–40) m tall, with bole up to 100(–120) cm in diameter, occurring from Nigeria east to the Central African Republic and DR Congo. Its pale yellowish brown wood, with a density of 760–800 kg/m³ at 12% moisture content, is commonly used in house building and for joinery. However, the applications of the bark in traditional medicine are more important.
=== ''Drypetes mossambicensis'' ===''[[Drypetes mossambicensis]]'' Hutch. is a shrub or small to medium-sized tree up to 20 m tall, with bole up to 60 cm in diameter. It is found in woodland, often along rivers, in Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and northern South Africa. The pale brown to yellowish brown wood, which has a density of about 970 kg/m³ at 12% moisture content, is used for household utensils and ornaments. The fruits are edible and locally popular.
=== ''Drypetes parvifolia'' ===''[[Drypetes parvifolia]]'' (Müll.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm. is a shrub or small tree up to 6 m tall. It occurs in West Africa from Sierra Leone to Nigeria, and in East Africa in Kenya and Tanzania. Its wood is locally used in house construction, mainly for poles.
=== ''Drypetes roxburghii'' ===''[[Drypetes roxburghii]]'' (Wall.) Hurus. originates from tropical Asia and has been introduced in some regions of West and East Africa, where it is mainly planted as ornamental shade tree. In tropical Asia its wood is used for construction and turnery, whereas the leaves and fruits are used in traditional medicine and the leaves as forage.
== Anatomy ==
Wood-anatomical description (IAWA hardwood codes):
*Growth rings: 2: growth ring boundaries indistinct or absent. *Vessels: 5: wood diffuse-porous; (10: vessels in radial multiples of 4 or more common); 13: simple perforation plates; 22: intervessel pits alternate; 25: intervessel pits small (4–7 μm); 30: vessel-ray pits with distinct borders; similar to intervessel pits in size and shape throughout the ray cell; 41: mean tangential diameter of vessel lumina 50–100 μm; 47: 5–20 vessels per square millimetre. *Tracheids and fibres: 61: fibres with simple to minutely bordered pits; 66: non-septate fibres present; 70: fibres very thick-walled. *Axial parenchyma: 76: axial parenchyma diffuse; 77: axial parenchyma diffuse-in-aggregates; (86: axial parenchyma in narrow bands or lines up to three cells wide); 87: axial parenchyma reticulate; (93: eight (5–8) cells per parenchyma strand); 94: over eight cells per parenchyma strand. *Rays: 97: ray width 1–3 cells; (100: rays with multiseriate portion(s) as wide as uniseriate portions); 102: ray height > 1 mm; 106: body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells; 107: body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2–4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells; 116: <font size="1">≥</font> 12 rays per mm. *Mineral inclusions: (136: prismatic crystals present); (137: prismatic crystals in upright and/or square ray cells); (138: prismatic crystals in procumbent ray cells).
(P. Mugabi, P.E. Gasson & E.A. Wheeler)
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[[Category:PROTA prov]][[Category:Timbers (PROTA)]]
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