Difference between revisions of "Sonchus oleraceus"

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{{Species page (seed plant)
 
{{Species page (seed plant)
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|image = None50x50.jpg
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|image = 2006-11-16Sonchus oleraceus03-03.jpg
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|legend =  
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|legend = Sow thistle
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|author =  
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|author = L.
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|order =  
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|order = Asterales
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|family =  
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|family = Asteraceae
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|genus =  
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|genus = Sonchus
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|nb chromosomes = 2n =  
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|nb chromosomes = 2n = 32
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|origin = area of origin
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|origin = temperate Eurasia,<br>Mediterranean
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|status = wild or cultivated
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|status = wild
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|english =   
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|english =  "sow thistle"
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|french =   
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|french =  "laiteron, laiteron maraîcher"
 +
}}{{Box
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|color=lightgreen
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|title=Summary of uses
 +
|text=
 +
* excellent wild salad
 +
* eaten cooked, as spinach
 +
* forage plant: rabbits, sheep, horses
 +
* medicinal
 
}}
 
}}
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''To edit this page, please copy the French version and translate it. If it contains no data, the first tasks are to check all the links, to clarify nomenclature and to upload photos from Wikimedia Commons''
 
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{{Box
 
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|title = Uses summary
 
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|color = lightgreen
 
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|text =
 
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}}
 
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== Description ==
 
== Description ==
 +
<gallery mode="packed">
 +
File:Sonchus oleraceus Habitus.jpg|red-stemmed individual
 +
File:Gewone melkdistel bladrozet (Sonchus oleraceus).jpg|rosette
 +
File:Sonchus oleraceus 2005-03-15.jpg|flower head
 +
File:Sonchus March 2008-1.jpg|fruiting flower head
 +
</gallery>
 +
* annual herbaceous plant, 30-80 cm tall, with an abundant white latex
 +
* erect stem, sparsely branched, smooth or slightly glandular, angular, hollow
 +
* glabrous alternate simple leaves, runcinate-pinnatifid or pinnatipartite, deeply pinnately lobed, coarsely toothed, winged petiole and soft spines at early growth stages
 +
* cauline leaves '''embracing, with acuminate auricles, spreading'''
 +
* glabrous involucre, sometimes flaky at the base
 +
* yellow flower head with ligulate flowers
 +
* fruits: obovate-oblong brownish achenes, very rough, crested with a white pappus
 +
 +
The sow thistle has naturalized all over the world, including in tropical areas. It is a common garden weed.
  
 
== Popular names ==
 
== Popular names ==
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
−
 
+
|-
 +
| English
 +
| sow thistle, milk thistle, hare’s lettuce
 +
|-
 +
| French
 +
| laiteron ; lastron, brède lastron (La Réunion)
 +
|-
 +
| German
 +
| Gänsedistel
 +
|-
 +
| Dutch
 +
| melkdistel
 +
|-
 +
| Italian
 +
| grespino, crespigno, cicerbita, allattalepre
 +
|-
 +
| Spanish
 +
| cerraja, cardo lechuzo, lechecina
 +
|-
 +
| Catalan
 +
| lletsó
 +
|-
 +
| Portuguese
 +
| serralha, leitaruga ; serralha branca, serralha macia, leita ruga (PROTA)
 +
|-
 +
| Modern Greek
 +
| zokhi, tsokhos
 +
|-
 +
| Chinese
 +
| 苦苣菜 - ku ju cai (Flora of China)
 +
|-
 +
| Hindi
 +
| दूधी - dudhi (Flowers of India)
 +
|-
 +
| Rajasthani
 +
| आकडियो - aakadio (Flowers of India)
 +
|-
 +
| Manipuri
 +
| খোমথোক্পী - khomthokpi (Flowers of India)
 +
|-
 +
| Nepalese
 +
| दुधे काँडा - dudhe Kaandaa, छोटे झार - chhote jhaar (Flowers of India)
 +
|-
 +
| Filipino
 +
| gagatang (igorot) (PROSEA)
 +
|-
 +
| Indonesian
 +
| tempuh wiyang, delgiyu (Javanese), camawak (Sundanese) (PROSEA)
 +
|-
 +
| Vietnamese
 +
| rau diếp dại, nhũ cúc, rau cúc sữa (PROSEA)
 
|}
 
|}
 +
*See the names of [[:fr:Sonchus (Rolland, Flore populaire)|''Flore populaire'' d'Eugène Rolland]]
 +
*See the etymology of [[:fr:Etymologie des noms scientifiques#Sonchus|''Sonchus'']]
  
 
== Classification ==
 
== Classification ==
 +
''Sonchus oleraceus'' L. (1753)
  
 
== Cultivars ==
 
== Cultivars ==
  
 
== History ==
 
== History ==
 +
<gallery mode="packed">
 +
File:Gänsedistel (Wiener Dioskurides 315r).jpg|Sonkhos Dioscoride 315r
 +
File:Sonchus laevis Mattioli 2, 257 1554.png|Sonchus laevis. Mattioli, 1554, ''Commentarii'',  2, 257
 +
File:Sonchus oleraceus Sturm49.jpg|Sturm, 1796. ''Deutschlands Flora'', pl. 49
 +
File:Sonchus oleraceus — Flora Batava — Volume v3.jpg|''Flora Batava'', 1814
 +
File:46 Sonchus oleraceus.jpg|Lindman, 1917-26. ''Bilder ur Nordens Flora''
 +
</gallery>
  
 
== Uses ==
 
== Uses ==
 +
*Read [[:fr:Laiteron (Cazin 1868)|''Plantes médicinales'' de Cazin (1868)]]
 +
{{Citation box
 +
|text= La consommation de cette espèce (ar. : difef ; fr. = laiteron maraîcher) est rapportée en Tunisie par Lemordant ''et al''. (1977), alors que Täckholm (1974) la signale comme utilisée en salade en Egypte.
 +
"Consumption of this species is reported in Tunisia by Lemordant ''et al''. (1977), while Täckholm (1974) reports it as used for salads in Egypt."
 +
|author = [[:fr:Composées (Le Floc'h, 1983)#Sonchus oleraceus|Le Floc'h, 1983, ''Ethnobotanique tunisienne'', 272]]
 +
}}
 +
{{Citation box
 +
|text= Répandus partout dans les jardins et les cultures, les laiterons sont les plantes les plus estimées pour la nourriture des lapins.
 +
"Widespread around gardens and cultures, sow thisthles are the most estimated plants for feeding rabbits.
 +
|author = [[:fr:L (Audier, L’herbier du village)#Laiteron|Audier, ''L’herbier du village'']].
 +
}}
 +
{{Citation box
 +
|text=Cultivated in the Philippines; mostly use is made of wild-growing plants. The young leaves and shoots are eaten raw, cooked or slightly steamed, also used for fodder and as a medicinal plant.
 +
|author =Mansfeld.
 +
}}
 +
* Harvested at the rosette stage, sow thistle is an excellent wild salad, used all over Mediterranean areas. Its soft spines are not troublesome. Nevertheless, this usage seems unknown further north in Europe. In Charente (France), for example, it is only harvested as rabbit food.
 +
* At a more advanced stage, it can still be eaten, cooked, as spinach, within pies or as soups.
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
 +
*Chauvet, Michel, 2018. ''[[:fr:Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires]]''. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 150)
 +
*Dambourney, Louis-Alexandre, 1786. ''Recueil de procédés et d'expériences sur les teintures solides que nos végétaux indigènes communiquant aux laines & aux lainages.'' Paris, De l'imprimerie de Ph.-D. Pierres, premier imprimeur ordinaire du roi. 407 p. [[:fr:L (Recueil de Dambourney)#LAITRON|See on Pl@ntUse]]
 +
*Marco, Claude ; Chauvet, Michel ; Molina, James ; Ubaud, Josiane ''et al.'', 2017. ''Les salades sauvages. L'ensalada champanela''. 4e éd. revue et corr. Prades-le-Lez, Les Ecologistes de l'Euzière. 192 p. [http://www.euziere.org/wakka.php?wiki=LaitLatiCard on line at Ecologistes de l'Euzière]
  
 
== Links ==
 
== Links ==
 
*[http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/search.aspx?SearchTerm=Sonchus%20oleraceus&SearchCat= BHL]  
 
*[http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/search.aspx?SearchTerm=Sonchus%20oleraceus&SearchCat= BHL]  
−
*[http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropFindForm FAO Ecocrop]
+
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200024557 Flora of China]
−
*[http://www.feedipedia.org/ Feedipedia]
+
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200024557 Flora of North America]
−
*[http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/comindx.html Grieve's herbal]
+
*[http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Sow%20Thistle.html Flowers of India]
−
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?Sonchus%20oleraceus GRIN]
+
*[http://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/s/sowthi71.html#com Grieve's herbal]
 +
*[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=34939 GRIN]
 
*[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Sonchus%20oleraceus&amp;output_format=normal&amp;query_type=by_query&amp;back_page=query_ipni.html IPNI]
 
*[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Sonchus%20oleraceus&amp;output_format=normal&amp;query_type=by_query&amp;back_page=query_ipni.html IPNI]
−
*[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:45:1329164412874601::NO::P7_BOTNAME,P7_DB_CHECKBOX1,P7_DB_CHECKBOX2,P7_DB_CHECKBOX4:Sonchus%20oleraceus,,, Mansfeld]
+
*[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/apex/f?p=185:46:10548481770984::NO::module,mf_use,source,akzanz,rehm,akzname,taxid:mf,,botnam,0,,Sonchus%20oleraceus,31994 Mansfeld]
−
*[http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl?searchstring=Sonchus%20oleraceus Moerman, Native American Ethnobotany]
+
*[http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=Sonchus+oleraceus Moerman, Native American Ethnobotany]
−
*[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Sonchus.html Multilingual Plant Name Database]
+
−
*[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/nexus/Sonchus_oleraceus_nex.html NewCrop Purdue]
+
 
*[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Sonchus+oleraceus Plant List]
 
*[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Sonchus+oleraceus Plant List]
 
*[http://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Sonchus%20oleraceus Plants for a future]
 
*[http://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Sonchus%20oleraceus Plants for a future]
−
*[[Sonchus (PROSEA)|PROSEA on Pl@ntUse]]
+
*[[Sonchus (PROSEA)|PROSEA sur Pl@ntUse]]
−
*[http://proseanet.org/prosea/e-prosea.php PROSEA]
+
*[[:en:Sonchus oleraceus (PROTA)|PROTA sur Pl@ntUse]]
−
*[[Sonchus oleraceus (PROTA)|PROTA on Pl@ntUse]]
+
*[http://www.tela-botanica.org/bdtfx-nn-65205 Tela Botanica]
−
*[http://www.prota4u.org/protav8.asp?en=1&p=Sonchus+oleraceus Prota4U]
+
−
*[http://www.tela-botanica.org/page:eflore_bdtfx?referentiel=bdtfx&niveau=2&module=fiche&action=fiche&type_nom=nom_scientifique&nom=Sonchus%20oleraceus Tela Botanica]
+
 
*[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Sonchus%20oleraceus Useful Tropical Plants Database]
 
*[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Sonchus%20oleraceus Useful Tropical Plants Database]
−
*[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonchus%20oleraceus Wikipédia]
+
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonchus%20oleraceus Wikipedia]
−
*[http://www.wikiphyto.org/wiki/Sonchus%20oleraceus Wikiphyto]
+
*[http://portal.wikwio.org/species/show/307?pos= Wiktrop - Adventices tropicales et méditerranéennes]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Sonchus]]
 +
[[Category: Temperate vegetable, wild]]
 +
[[Category: Wild salad]]
 +
[[Category: Human medicine, secondary temperate]]
 +
[[Category: Fodder, important wild]]

Latest revision as of 20:32, 22 April 2021

Sonchus oleraceus L.

alt=Description of 2006-11-16Sonchus oleraceus03-03.jpg picture.
Sow thistle
Order Asterales
Family Asteraceae
Genus Sonchus

2n = 32

Origin : temperate Eurasia,
Mediterranean

wild

English "sow thistle"
French "laiteron, laiteron maraîcher"


Summary of uses
  • excellent wild salad
  • eaten cooked, as spinach
  • forage plant: rabbits, sheep, horses
  • medicinal


Description

  • red-stemmed individual

  • rosette

  • flower head

  • fruiting flower head

  • annual herbaceous plant, 30-80 cm tall, with an abundant white latex
  • erect stem, sparsely branched, smooth or slightly glandular, angular, hollow
  • glabrous alternate simple leaves, runcinate-pinnatifid or pinnatipartite, deeply pinnately lobed, coarsely toothed, winged petiole and soft spines at early growth stages
  • cauline leaves embracing, with acuminate auricles, spreading
  • glabrous involucre, sometimes flaky at the base
  • yellow flower head with ligulate flowers
  • fruits: obovate-oblong brownish achenes, very rough, crested with a white pappus

The sow thistle has naturalized all over the world, including in tropical areas. It is a common garden weed.

Popular names

English sow thistle, milk thistle, hare’s lettuce
French laiteron ; lastron, brède lastron (La Réunion)
German Gänsedistel
Dutch melkdistel
Italian grespino, crespigno, cicerbita, allattalepre
Spanish cerraja, cardo lechuzo, lechecina
Catalan lletsó
Portuguese serralha, leitaruga ; serralha branca, serralha macia, leita ruga (PROTA)
Modern Greek zokhi, tsokhos
Chinese 苦苣菜 - ku ju cai (Flora of China)
Hindi दूधी - dudhi (Flowers of India)
Rajasthani आकडियो - aakadio (Flowers of India)
Manipuri খোমথোক্পী - khomthokpi (Flowers of India)
Nepalese दुधे काँडा - dudhe Kaandaa, छोटे झार - chhote jhaar (Flowers of India)
Filipino gagatang (igorot) (PROSEA)
Indonesian tempuh wiyang, delgiyu (Javanese), camawak (Sundanese) (PROSEA)
Vietnamese rau diếp dại, nhũ cúc, rau cúc sữa (PROSEA)

Classification

Sonchus oleraceus L. (1753)

Cultivars

History

  • Sonkhos Dioscoride 315r

  • Sonchus laevis. Mattioli, 1554, Commentarii, 2, 257

  • Sturm, 1796. Deutschlands Flora, pl. 49

  • Flora Batava, 1814

  • Lindman, 1917-26. Bilder ur Nordens Flora

Uses

La consommation de cette espèce (ar. : difef ; fr. = laiteron maraîcher) est rapportée en Tunisie par Lemordant et al. (1977), alors que Täckholm (1974) la signale comme utilisée en salade en Egypte. "Consumption of this species is reported in Tunisia by Lemordant et al. (1977), while Täckholm (1974) reports it as used for salads in Egypt."

Le Floc'h, 1983, Ethnobotanique tunisienne, 272


Répandus partout dans les jardins et les cultures, les laiterons sont les plantes les plus estimées pour la nourriture des lapins. "Widespread around gardens and cultures, sow thisthles are the most estimated plants for feeding rabbits.

Audier, L’herbier du village.


Cultivated in the Philippines; mostly use is made of wild-growing plants. The young leaves and shoots are eaten raw, cooked or slightly steamed, also used for fodder and as a medicinal plant.

Mansfeld.


  • Harvested at the rosette stage, sow thistle is an excellent wild salad, used all over Mediterranean areas. Its soft spines are not troublesome. Nevertheless, this usage seems unknown further north in Europe. In Charente (France), for example, it is only harvested as rabbit food.
  • At a more advanced stage, it can still be eaten, cooked, as spinach, within pies or as soups.

References

  • Chauvet, Michel, 2018. fr:Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 150)
  • Dambourney, Louis-Alexandre, 1786. Recueil de procédés et d'expériences sur les teintures solides que nos végétaux indigènes communiquant aux laines & aux lainages. Paris, De l'imprimerie de Ph.-D. Pierres, premier imprimeur ordinaire du roi. 407 p. See on Pl@ntUse
  • Marco, Claude ; Chauvet, Michel ; Molina, James ; Ubaud, Josiane et al., 2017. Les salades sauvages. L'ensalada champanela. 4e éd. revue et corr. Prades-le-Lez, Les Ecologistes de l'Euzière. 192 p. on line at Ecologistes de l'Euzière

Links

Retrieved from "https://uses.plantnet-project.org/e/index.php?title=Sonchus_oleraceus&oldid=331791"