Quassia amara
Quassia amara L.
| Ordre | Sapindales |
|---|---|
| Famille | Simaroubaceae |
| Genre | Quassia |
2n =
Origine : Amérique centrale, nord de l'Amérique du Sud
sauvage ou cultivé
| Français | ' |
|---|---|
| Anglais | ' |
- médicinal
- arôme alimentaire
- pesticide
- ornemental
- bois d'œuvre
Sommaire
Description
jeune arbre
fleurs
bol en bois de quassia
Noms populaires
| français | quassia de Surinam, quinine de Cayenne, quinine du pays ; quinquina de Cayenne (Pharma. Guyane) |
| anglais | bitterwood, quassia, quassia-wood, Surinam quassia |
| allemand | Bitterholzbaum, Bitterquassia, Quassiaholzbaum, Quassie |
| espagnol | cuasia amarga, crucete |
| portugais | amargo, pau-amarelo, pau-quássia, quássia-de-caiena, quina, quinarana ; quina-de-Caiena (Pharma. Guyane) |
| créole guyanais | couachi [bwa-kwachi] (Pharma. Guyane) |
| palikur | kwa∫βan (Pharma. Guyane) |
| Indonésie | genteng peujit, ki congcorang (sundanais) (PROSEA) |
| Philippines | corales, kuasia (tagalog) (PROSEA) |
| Thaïlande | prathat yai, prathat cheen, ping (PROSEA) |
| Vietnam | lá lau, thằn lằn (PROSEA) |
Classification
Quassia amara L. (1762), non Simarouba amara Aubl. (1775)
Cultivars
Histoire
Quassie amère, Descourtilz, Flore médicale des Antilles, 1821, 1:5
Köhler, 1897. Medizinal-Pflanzen
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Appelé bois amer en Martinique, et simaruba en Guyane.
[4] Et quamvis incolæ, longo quidem abhinc tempore, tam interscindendo silvas, quo liberior regioni redderetur aura, quam etjam huc illucque ducendo canales, atque excogitando medicamenta appropriata, omni in id studio incubuerint, ut malo huic fatali mederentur; vix tamen quidquam effecerunt, usquedum obscurus quidam Servus nigrita, nomine Quassi, medicamentum quoddam invenerit, quo uti contra malignas confervorum suorum febres tanto successu cœpit, ut ejus auxilium petere vel ipsi domini cogerentur. Hoc vero suum medicamentum, tantum abfuit, [5] ut detegere voluerit, ut potius id semper sanctissimum celare arcanum studuerit. Nec brevi detectum, credo, fuisset, nisi, magna Publici æstumatione dignus, NOBILISS. D:us CAROL. DAHLBERG tantam sibi a Quassio hoc, Socri suæ cum temporis servo, venerationem & amorem conciliasset, ut cordate non solum ipsum sibi medicamentum obtulerit, sed & arborem, e cuius radice desumtum esset, ostenderit : quæ arbor circa Surinamum satis frequens est, extra vero illum rarissime reperitur. Tandem, dicti Viri Nobilissimi cura, Quassii arcanum hoc ad NOBILISS. D:m PRÆSIDEM pervenit, qui summas ejus Qualitates, Vires & Usum, nuper in prælectionibus. publicis. de Materia Medica, exposuit, unde tanta me cepit cupiditas il̈lud cum Orbe medico communicandi, ut temperare mihi haut potuerim, quin publico specimine illud exhibendum rogarem, fore ea opera sperans, ut de genere humano merear, atque sic proficuo Argumento compensem , quod elegantiæ simul in seribendi ratione desideratur.
L'un des meilleurs livres sur l'histoire des drogues. Voir sa notice sur Lignum quassiæ, qui donne Quassia amara comme un substitut de Picrasma excelsa.
notice sur Dahlberg (Stafleu)
Dahlberg, Carl Gustav (fl. 1753), Swedish soldier in Suriname, collector for Linnaeus. (Dahlberg).
HERBARIUM and TYPES: Dahlberg came to Suriname as a mercenary, obtained a commission, married a well-to-do widow who owned two plantations, and made such a fortune that he could make three return journeys to Sweden. During his first "leave" in 1754 he made the acquaintance of Linnaeus who made him take his pupil Rolander to Suriname. Rolander stayed only for six months. Dahlberg returned to Sweden in 1761 bringing with him the Lignum Quassiae. On his third trip (1771-1775) he brought back a collection of 186 specimens which were first given to Gustav III of Sweden and sub- sequently (1774) transferred to Linnaeus. These plants were the basis of Linnaeus's Plantae surinamenses, a dissertation defended by Jacob Alm in 1775. Further descriptions of these plants appeared in Linnaeus f. Supplementum (1781) and in an article by C. G. Rottbøll, in Acta Lit. Univ. Hafn., 1778: 267-394.
Quassia. name von L. aufgrund einer Mitteilung von C.G. Dahlberg, der aus Surinam berichtete, dass ein Negersklave namens Graman Quassi (der Name stammt aus Ashanti bzw. Fanti kwasi "Glückskind" die fieberdämpfende Wirkung des Holzes von Q. amara im Jahre 1730 entdeckt habe. Onions, 730.
Usages
In many tropical countries cultivated as medicinal plant and as ornamental. Source of the officinal Quassia wood (Lignum Quassiae). Its extract is used to treat diseases of stomach and bile and also as important insecticide (harmless for men), applied e.g. for aphids. The active compounds of the wood are some bitter components (seco-triterpene). Formerly in England used as substitute for hop. Also used with iron salts as tonicum.
Références
- Braun, H. & D. Frohne, 1994. Heilpflanzenlexikon: Wirkungen, Verordnung, Selbstmedikation., Ed. 6. Stuttgart, Fischer. 692 p.
- Busbey, R. L., 1939. A bibliography of Quassia. U.S.D.A. Bur. Entomol. Rep., E-483: 1-56.
- Grenand, Pierre ; Moretti, Christian ; Jacquemin, Henri & Prévost, Marie-Françoise, 2004. Pharmacopées traditionnelles en Guyane. Créoles, Wayãpi, Palikur. 2e édition revue et complétée. Paris, IRD. 816 p. (1ère éd.: 1987). Voir sur Pl@ntUse.
- Labat, 1696. date fausse
- Linné, 1763. Dissertatio de ligno Quassiae.
- Nooteboom, H. P., 1962. Generic delimitation in Simaroubaceae tribus Simaroubeae and a conspectus of the genus Quassia L. Blumea, 11: 509-528.
- Odonne, Guillaume ; Tareau, Marc-Alexandre & van Andel Tinde, 2020. Geopolitics of bitterness: Deciphering the history and cultural biogeography of Quassia amara L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. doi : 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113546
- Roark, R. C., 1947. Some promising insecticidal plants. Econ. Bot., 1: 437-445.
- Rollet, Bernard et coll., 2010. Arbres des Petites Antilles. Tome 1 : Introduction à la dendrologie. 276 p. Tome 2 : Description des espèces. 866 p. + 46 pl. coul. + CD de photos sur l'anatomie du bois. Basse-Terre, ONF. Voir sur Pl@ntUse.
- Taylor, Leslie, 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. Square One Publishers. (texte sur Rainforest Tropical Plant Database)
- Wealth of India, 1969. The Wealth of India. A dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products. Raw Materials 8. New Delhi, Council Scientific Industrial Research.
