Dimocarpus longan
Dimocarpus longan Lour.
| Ordre | Sapindales |
|---|---|
| Famille | Sapindaceae |
| Genre | Dimocarpus |
2n = 30
Origine : Asie du Sud-Est
sauvage et cultivé
| Français | |
|---|---|
| Anglais |
- arille du fruit comestible
- graines : saponines et tanins, pour shampooing
- ornemental
- arbre d'ombrage
- médicinal : fleurs, feulles, arille
Sommaire
Description
arbre
feuillage
troncs
fleurs
fruits en grappe
fruit ouvert et graine
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Noms populaires
| français | longanier/longane ; longani (La Réunion) |
| anglais | longan, dragon’s eye |
| allemand | Longane |
| néerlandais | longan |
| italien | longan |
| espagnol | longán |
| portugais | olho de dragão, olho de boi |
| chinois | 龙眼 - lóng yǎn (Flora of China) ; lung-yen |
| Indonésie | lengkeng (PROSEA) |
| Malaysia | lengkeng (PROSEA) |
| Thaïlande | lamyai pa (PROSEA) |
| Vietnam | nhan (PROSEA) ; long nhãn |
| Laos | lam nhai, nam nhai (PROSEA) |
| Cambodge | mien (PROSEA) |
| Birmanie | kyet mouk (PROSEA) |
Classification
Dimocarpus longan Lour. (1790)
basionyme :
- Euphoria longana Lam. (1792)
synonyme :
- Nephelium longana (Lam.) Cambess. (1829)
Cultivars
Histoire
- Boym, Michał, 1696. Flora Sinensis. Paris, 15 p. Seconde édition en français. Voir Lum-yen sur Pl@ntUse.
Usages
Locally cultivated in southern China up to SE India and Bangladesh, rarely in other tropical countries. The translucent, somewhat sweet but not much aromatic aril is eaten raw, dried, or used for different dishes and desserts. The seeds contain saponins and tannins. They are used for shampooning the hair and as a styptic. Also the dried flowers, leaves and arils have some medicinal properties. The species is rather polymorphous. Several botanical varieties can be separated. Probably it has been domesticated in hilly regions of southern China up to Myanmar and Assam where it is cultivated as an ornamental and shade tree. Introduced into the Americas at the end of 19th cent.
Références
- Chauvet, Michel, 2018. Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 677)
- Rollet, Bernard et coll., 2010. Arbres des Petites Antilles. Tome 1 : Introduction à la dendrologie. 276 p. Tome 2 : Description des espèces. 866 p. + 46 pl. coul. + CD de photos sur l'anatomie du bois. Basse-Terre, ONF. Voir sur Pl@ntUse.
