Acanthosicyos horridus : Différence entre versions
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== Usages == | == Usages == | ||
− | NARAS. Tropics of Africa. The fruit grows on a bush from four to five feet high, without leaves and with opposite thorns. It has a coriaceous rind, rough with prickles, is about 15-18 inches around and inside resembles a melon as to seed and pulp. When ripe it has a luscious sub-acid taste<ref>Alexander, J. E. ''Exped. Disc. Afr.'' 2:68. 1837.</ref>. The bushes grow on little knolls of sand. It is described, however, by Anderson<ref>Anderson ''Lake Ngami'' 16. 1856.</ref> as a creeper which produces a kind of prickly gourd about the size of a Swede turnip and of delicious flavor. It constitutes for several months of the year the chief food of the natives, and the seeds are dried and preserved for winter consumption. [[:en:Acanthosicyos (Sturtevant, 1919) | + | NARAS. Tropics of Africa. The fruit grows on a bush from four to five feet high, without leaves and with opposite thorns. It has a coriaceous rind, rough with prickles, is about 15-18 inches around and inside resembles a melon as to seed and pulp. When ripe it has a luscious sub-acid taste<ref>Alexander, J. E. ''Exped. Disc. Afr.'' 2:68. 1837.</ref>. The bushes grow on little knolls of sand. It is described, however, by Anderson<ref>Anderson ''Lake Ngami'' 16. 1856.</ref> as a creeper which produces a kind of prickly gourd about the size of a Swede turnip and of delicious flavor. It constitutes for several months of the year the chief food of the natives, and the seeds are dried and preserved for winter consumption. [[:en:Acanthosicyos (Sturtevant, 1919)|Sturtevant, ''Notes on edible plants'', 1919]]. |
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Version du 10 juillet 2019 à 08:15
Acanthosicyos horridus
Welw. ex Benth. & Hook. f.
Ordre | Cucurbitales |
---|---|
Famille | Cucurbitaceae |
Genre | Acanthosicyos |
2n =
Origine : désert du Namib
sauvage
Français | nara |
---|---|
Anglais | nara |
- graines consommées fraîches, grillées ou en farine
- fruits mûrs consommés comme source d'eau
et transformés en gâteaux - racine médicinale
- huile des graines médicinale
- tiges consommées par le bétail
Description
- arbuste pérenne, dioïque, fortement ramifié, atteignant 1 m de haut et 15(–40) m de diamètre, avec une très longue racine pivotante ligneuse ; tige cannelée longitudinalement, jaunâtre pâle à vert pâle, épineuse ; épines par paires, de 2–3 cm de long.
- feuilles réduites à de minuscules écailles, apparemment absentes.
- fleurs unisexuées, régulières, 5-mères, sessiles ou à pédicelle court à l’aisselle des épines ; calice campanulé, à lobes ovales, poilu grisâtre ; corolle profondément lobée, lobes largement ovales, d’environ 1 cm de long, charnus, jaune pâle ou vert pâle ; fleurs mâles solitaires ou fasciculées, à 3–5 étamines ; fleurs femelles solitaires, avec 5 staminodes allongés et un ovaire infère, ovoïde, densément couvert d’épines molles oblongues-coniques, de 2–2,5 mm de long, style en colonne, avec 3–5 stigmates plats ou capités à 2 cornes.
- fruit : baie subglobuleuse atteignant 20 cm de diamètre, couverte de protubérances épineuses, changeant à maturation de vert à jaune pâle ou à orange-jaune pâle, contenant de nombreuses graines.
- graines enveloppées dans la pulpe jaune à orange-jaune, oblongues ou ovoïdes, de 12–16 mm × 7–11 mm × 5–7 mm, de couleur crème, dures avec un tégument épais.
Noms populaires
français | nara, melon nara |
anglais | nara, nara bush, nara melon ; graines : butter-nuts, butterpips |
portugais | nara |
Classification
Acanthosicyos horridus Welw. ex Benth. & Hook. f. (1867)
Histoire
Usages
NARAS. Tropics of Africa. The fruit grows on a bush from four to five feet high, without leaves and with opposite thorns. It has a coriaceous rind, rough with prickles, is about 15-18 inches around and inside resembles a melon as to seed and pulp. When ripe it has a luscious sub-acid taste[1]. The bushes grow on little knolls of sand. It is described, however, by Anderson[2] as a creeper which produces a kind of prickly gourd about the size of a Swede turnip and of delicious flavor. It constitutes for several months of the year the chief food of the natives, and the seeds are dried and preserved for winter consumption. Sturtevant, Notes on edible plants, 1919.
Références
- Craven, P. & Marais, C., 1986. Namib flora. Swakopmund to the giant Welwitschia via Goanikontes. Gamsberg Macmillan Publishers, Windhoek, Namibia. 128 p.
- Hylands, P.J. & Magd, M.S., 1986. Cucurbitacins from Acanthosicyos horridus. Phytochemistry, 25(7): 1681–1684.
- Jeffrey, C., 1980. A review of the Cucurbitaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 81: 233–247.
- Sandelowsky, B., 1980. Morphological, ethnobotanical and archaeological research with Acanthosicyos horrida (Abstract). In: Conference on the biology and chemistry of the Cucurbitaceae, Aug. 3-6, 1980 Cornell Univ. Ithaca.
- Van Damme, P., 1998. Wild plants as food security in Namibia and Senegal. In: Bruins, H.J. & Lithwick, H. (eds). The arid frontier: interactive management of environment and development. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands. pp. 229–247.
- Van den Eynden, V.; Vernemmen, P. & Van Damme, P., 1992. The ethnobotany of the Topnaar. University of Gent, Belgium. 145 p.
- Wehmeyer, A.S., 1986. Edible wild plants of southern Africa. Data on the nutrient contents of over 300 species. Scientia, Pretoria, South Africa. 52 p.