Changes

*''Lagurus cylindricus'' L. (1759), *''Imperata arundinacea'' Cirillo (1792).

*Cogon grass, satintail (En). *Paillotte (Fr)

*Philippines: kogon (Tagalog), gogon (Bikol), bulum (Ifugao). *Burma (Myanmar): kyet-mei

*A rhizomatous herbaceous perennial up to 120(-300) cm tall, culms below the nodes usually with a crown of long slender hairs; leaf .*Leaf sheaths of basal leaves coriaceous, glabrous or finely hairy, leaf blade 12-80 cm × 0.5-2 cm; inflorescence .*Inflorescence a spiciform panicle 10-30 cm long, floret .*Floret with upper glume 4-5-veined, stamens 2.  ''I. cylindrica'' is found in a wide range of open anthropogenic habitats, prefering well-aerated soils, from sea-level up to 2700 m altitude.

*[89] Ayeni, A.O., 1985. Observations on the vegetative growth pattern of speargrass (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 13: 301-307.*[97] Backer, 172C.A. & Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr, R.C., 1963-1968. Flora of Java. 3 volumes. Noordhoff, Groningen, the Netherlands. Vol. 1 (1963) 647 pp., Vol. 2 (1965) 641 pp., Vol. 3 (1968) 761 pp.*Bor, N.L., 1960. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan. Pergamon Press, Oxford. pp. 169-171.*[190] Brown, W.H., 1951-1957. Useful plants of the Philippines. Reprint of the 1941-1943 edition. 3 volumes. Technical Bulletin 10. Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Bureau of Printing, Manila, the Philippines. Vol. 1 (1951) 590 pp., Vol. 2 (1954) 513 pp., Vol. 3 (1957) 507 pp.*[202] Burkill, I.H., 1966. A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. Revised reprint. 2 volumes. Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Vol. 1 (A-H) pp. 1-1240. Vol. 2 (I-Z) pp. 1241-2444.*[287] Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1948-1976. The wealth of India: a dictionary of Indian raw materials & industrial products. 11 volumes. Publications and Information Directorate, New Delhi, India.*[332] de Padua, L.S., Lugod, G.C. & Pancho, J.V., 1977-1983. Handbook on Philippine medicinal plants. 4 volumes. Documentation and Information Section, Office of the Director of Research, University of the Philippines at Los Baños, the Philippines.*[362] Doan, D.D., Nguyen, N.H., Doan, H.K., Nguyen, T.L., Phan, T.S., Van-Dau, N., Grabe, M., Johansson, R., Lindgren, G. & Stjernstrom, N.E., 1992. Studies on the individual and combined diuretic effects of four Vietnamese traditional herbal remedies (Zea mays, Imperata cylindrica, Plantago major and Orthosiphon stamineus). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 36(3): 225-231.*[401] Eussen, J.H.H., 1978. Studies on the tropical weed Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. var. major. Thesis, Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht, the Netherlands. 140 pp.*[404] Falvey, J.L., 1981. Imperata cylindrica and animal production in South-east Asia: a review. Tropical Grasslands 15: 52-56.*[474] Garrity, D.P., 1997. Agroforestry innovations for Imperata grassland rehabilitation (Special Issue). Agroforestry Systems 36 (1-3): 263-274.*[572] Hegnauer, R., 1962-1997. Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen [Chemotaxonomy of plants]. 11 volumes. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland.*[577] Henty, E.E., 1969. A manual to the grasses of New Guinea. Botany Bulletin No. 1. Division of Botany, Department of Forests, Lae, Territory of Papua and New Guinea. 215 pp.*[580] Heyne, K., 1950. De nuttige planten van Indonesië [The useful plants of Indonesia]. 3rd Edition. 2 volumes. W. van Hoeve, 's-Gravenhage, the Netherlands/Bandung, Indonesia. 1660 + CCXLI pp.*[597] Holdsworth, 614D.K., 1977. Medicinal plants of Papua New Guinea. Technical Paper No 175. South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New Caledonia. 123 pp.*Holm, L.G., Plucknett, D.L., Pancho, J.V. & Herberger, J.P., 1977. The world's worst weeds: distribution and biology. The East-West Center, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, United Sates. pp. 62-71.*[630] Hubbard, C.E., 1944. Taxonomy, description and distribution of species and varieties. In: Imperata cylindrica. Taxonomy, distribution, economic significance and control. Imperial Agricultural Bureaux Joint Publication No. 7. Imperial Forestry Bureau, Oxford & Imperial Bureau of Pastures and Forage Crops, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom. pp. 5-13.*[1035] Nguyen Van Duong, 1993. Medicinal plants of Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. Mekong Printing, Santa Ana, California, United States. 528 pp.*[1043] Nishimoto, K., Ito, M., Natori, S. & Ohmoto, T., 1968. The structures of arundoin, cylindrin and fernenol. Triterpenoids of fernane and arborane groups of Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii. Tetrahedron 24: 735-752.*[1126] Perry, L.M., 1980. Medicinal plants of East and Southeast Asia. Attributed properties and uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States & London, United Kingdom. 620 pp.*[1178] Quisumbing, 1375E., 1978. Medicinal plants of the Philippines. Katha Publishing Co., Quezon City, the Philippines. 1262 pp.*Santiago, A., 1965. Studies on the autecology of I. cylindrica. Proceedings of the Ninth International Grassland Congress, São Paulo, Brazil. pp. 499-502.*Skerman, P.J. & Riveros, F., 1990. Tropical grasses. FAO, Rome. pp. 368-373.*[1385] Soerjani, M., 1970. Alang-alang, Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv., pattern of growth as related to its problem of control. Biotrop Bulletin No 1. SEAMEO Regional Centre for Tropical Biology, Bogor, Indonesia. 88 pp.*[1386] Soerjani, M., Kostermans, A.J.G.H. & Tjitrosoepomo, G., (Editors) 1987. Weeds of rice in Indonesia. Balai Pustaka, Jakarta, Indonesia. 716 pp.*[1571] Wijayakusuma, H.M.H., Dalimartha, S., Wirian, S.W., Yaputra, T. & Wibowo, B., 1993. Tanaman berkhasiat obat di Indonesia [Plants yielding medicine in Indonesia]. Vol. 2. Pustaka Kartini, Jakarta, Indonesia. 138 pp. == Main genus page ==*[[Imperata (PROSEA)|''Imperata'']] (Medicinal plants)

*Juliana Jonathan & Bambang P.J. Hariadi