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<big>''[[Xylopia quintasii]]'' Engl. & Diels</big>
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Xylopia quintasii'' (PROTA)}}
:Protologue: Engl., Monogr. afrik. Pflanzen-Fam. 6: 62 (1901).
:Family: Annonaceae
== Origin and geographic distribution ==
''Xylopia'' is a large pantropical genus of about 150 species, with approximately 30 species in mainland tropical Africa and 25 in Madagascar. It is related to ''Artabotrys'' and badly in need of revision. The wood of several ''Xylopia'' spp. is used in tropical Africa.
=== ''Xylopia acutiflora'' ===''[[Xylopia acutiflora]]'' (Dunal) A.Rich. is a small tree up to 15(–30) m tall, widespread from Guinea east to southern Sudan, and south to Angola and Zambia. Its heavy and hard wood is used in Cameroon and Gabon in house construction and for canoe paddles, bows and spear shafts. Bark decoctions are administered to treat pneumonia and as anodyne. The bark has been used for hut walls. The fruits are added to food as spice.
=== ''Xylopia cupularis'' ===''[[Xylopia cupularis]]'' Mildbr. (synonym: ''Xylopia chrysophylla'' Louis ex Boutique) is a medium-sized to fairly large tree up to 35 m tall with bole up to 60 cm in diameter, occurring from Cameroon east to DR Congo and south to Cabinda (Angola). Its yellowish brown and heavy wood, with a density of 750–935 kg/m³ at 12% moisture content, is suitable for similar purposes as that of ''Xylopia quintasii''; it is mainly used for construction, railway sleepers, vehicle bodies and implements. Leaf macerations are taken against diarrhoea.
=== ''Xylopia hypolampra'' ===''[[Xylopia hypolampra]]'' Mildbr. (synonym: ''Xylopia brieyi'' De Wild.) is a medium-sized to fairly large tree up to 40 m tall with bole up to 100 cm in diameter, occurring from Cameroon and the Central African Republic to south-western DR Congo and Cabinda (Angola). Its yellowish brown, medium-weight to heavy wood, with a density of 670–920 kg/m³ at 12% moisture content, is suitable for similar purposes as that of ''Xylopia quintasii''; it is mainly used for construction, railway sleepers and implements, and as firewood. Bark macerations and decoctions are used in traditional medicine to treat asthma, cough and stomach-ache, and as diuretic and anthelmintic. The bark has been used for hut walls. The fruits and seeds are added to food as spice.
=== ''Xylopia mwasumbii'' ===''[[Xylopia mwasumbii]]'' D.M.Johnson is a small tree up to 9 m tall, only known from evergreen forest near the coast of central-east Tanzania. The wood is used for poles in house building and for tool handles.
=== ''Xylopia rubescens'' ===''[[Xylopia rubescens]]'' Oliv. is a small to medium-sized tree up to 20(–30) m tall with stilt-rooted bole up to 40 cm in diameter, widely distributed in swamp forest and riverine forest from Liberia east to Uganda and Tanzania, and south to Zambia and Mozambique. The yellowish white to pale brown wood is suitable for construction, joinery, ship building, vehicle bodies, furniture, toys, novelties, boxes, crates, veneer, plywood and pulpwood; it is used as firewood. The wood density is lower than that of ''Xylopia quintasii'' and the texture more coarse. The bark has been used for hut walls.
=== ''Xylopia staudtii'' ===''[[Xylopia staudtii]]'' Engl. & Diels is a medium-sized tree up to 30(–45) m tall with often stilt-rooted bole branchless for up to 20 m and up to 100(–150) cm in diameter, widespread from Sierra Leone east to Uganda, and south to DR Congo and Cabinda (Angola). The yellowish white to pale brown wood is suitable for construction, flooring, joinery, interior trim, ship building, vehicle bodies, furniture, sporting goods, toys, novelties, boxes, crates, carvings, vats, matches, veneer, plywood, hardboard, particle board and pulpwood. It is fairly lightweight with a density of about 500 kg/m³ at 12% moisture content, and rather soft. The bark has been used for hut walls and cordage. Powdered bark or bark macerations are used in traditional medicine to treat colds and headache, fruit macerations are taken to ease childbirth and pulverized fruits are applied to treat rheumatism. The fruits and seeds are added to food as spice.
=== ''Xylopia villosa'' ===''[[Xylopia villosa]]'' Chipp is a small to medium-sized tree up to 25 m tall with bole up to 40 cm in diameter, occurring from Liberia to Nigeria. Its tough and fairly durable wood is used for posts in house building and for tool handles. Powdered bark or bark macerations are used in traditional medicine to treat colds and headache, and pounded seeds are applied to ulcers.
=== ''Xylopia wilwerthii'' ===''[[Xylopia wilwerthii]]'' De Wild. & T.Durand is a small tree up to 10 m tall with bole up to 15(–30) cm in diameter, restricted to DR Congo. Its yellow-brown and very heavy wood, with a density of 955–1085 kg/m³ at 12% moisture content, is used for construction, implements, utensils, sculptures and turnery.
The best known species of the genus is ''Xylopia aethiopica'' (Dunal) A.Rich. Its wood is commonly used for similar purposes as that of ''Xylopia quintasii'', although the wood density is much lower. However, ''Xylopia aethiopica'' is more important for its fruits and seeds used as spice, and as medicinal plant. The wood of ''Xylopia parviflora'' (A.Rich.) Benth. is also used, but this species is also more important as spice and medicinal plant.
Wood-anatomical description (IAWA hardwood codes):
*Growth rings: 1: growth ring boundaries distinct; 2: growth ring boundaries indistinct or absent. *Vessels: 5: wood diffuse-porous; 13: simple perforation plates; 22: intervessel pits alternate; 23: shape of alternate pits polygonal; 25: intervessel pits small (4–7 μm); 26: intervessel pits medium (7–10 μm); 30: vessel-ray pits with distinct borders; similar to intervessel pits in size and shape throughout the ray cell; 42: mean tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100–200 μm; 47: 5–20 vessels per square millimetre; 58: gums and other deposits in heartwood vessels. *Tracheids and fibres: 61: fibres with simple to minutely bordered pits; 66: non-septate fibres present; 69: fibres thin- to thick-walled; (70: fibres very thick-walled). *Axial parenchyma: 86: axial parenchyma in narrow bands or lines up to three cells wide; 87: axial parenchyma reticulate; 92: four (3–4) cells per parenchyma strand; (93: eight (5–8) cells per parenchyma strand). *Rays: 97: ray width 1–3 cells; (98: larger rays commonly 4- to 10-seriate); 104: all ray cells procumbent; (106: body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells); 115: 4–12 rays per mm. *Mineral inclusions: (136: prismatic crystals present); (138: prismatic crystals in procumbent ray cells).
(C. Essien, A.A. Oteng-Amoako & P. Baas)
* Bolza, E. & Keating, W.G., 1972. African timbers: the properties, uses and characteristics of 700 species. Division of Building Research, CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia. 710 pp.
== Other references ==
* Aké Assi, L., Abeye, J., Guinko, S., Riguet, R. & Bangavou, X., 1985. Médecine traditionnelle et pharmacopée - Contribution aux études ethnobotaniques et floristiques en République Centrafricaine. Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique, Paris, France. 140 pp.
== Sources of illustration ==
* le Thomas, A., 1969. Annonacées. Flore du Gabon. Volume 16. Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. 372 pp.
== Author(s) ==
* A.A. Oteng-Amoako, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG), University P.O. Box 63, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
== Correct citation of this article ==
Oteng-Amoako, A.A. & Obeng, E.A., 2012. '''Xylopia quintasii''' Engl. & Diels. [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. In: Lemmens, R.H.M.J., Louppe, D. & Oteng-Amoako, A.A. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. <http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp>. Accessed {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}.
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[[Category:PROTA prov]][[Category:Timbers (PROTA)]]