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Created page with "<big>''Adenia racemosa'' W.J.De Wilde</big> {{PROTAUpperbar}} {{PROTA Starbox | General importance= 2 | Geographic coverage Africa= 1 | Geographic coverage World= 1 | Orna..."
<big>''[[Adenia racemosa]]'' W.J.De Wilde</big>
{{PROTAUpperbar}}
{{PROTA Starbox
| General importance= 2
| Geographic coverage Africa= 1
| Geographic coverage World= 1
| Ornamental= 1
| Forage / feed= 1
| Medicinal= 2
| Conservation status= 1
}}
__NOTOC__
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Adenia racemosa'' (PROTA)}}
:Protologue: Meded. Landbouwhogeschool. 71(18): 64 (1971).
:Family: Passifloraceae
== Synonyms ==
== Vernacular names ==
== Origin and geographic distribution ==
''Adenia racemosa'' is endemic to Tanzania.
== Uses ==
In Tanzania a bark decoction is drunk to treat menorrhagia. A leaf decoction is drunk to treat mental illness. The tubers are used to treat chickenpox. The flexible stems are used as string. ''Adenia racemosa'' is also used for fodder and is grown for ornamental purposes in greenhouses in temperate regions.
== Production and international trade ==
''Adenia racemosa'' is collected, traded and grown as an ornamental by plant amateurs.
== Properties ==
Few phytochemical analyses have been done on ''Adenia racemosa''. The stem bark contains flavonoids, saponins and tannins, but no cyanoglycosides have been reported. Recently, ribosome-inactivating proteins have been isolated.
== Botany ==
Monoecious climber up to 8 m tall, with a swollen, globular trunk; stems with simple tendrils 8–12 cm long. Leaves alternate, deeply (3–)5(–7)-lobed; petiole 1.5–5.5 cm long; stipules broadly triangular, c. 1 mm long, acute; blade orbicular to broadly ovate in outline, 3–10 cm × 3–10 cm, base cordate to truncate, lobes triangular to elliptical, up to 5 cm long, acute to rounded. Inflorescence in the axils of much reduced leaves on short shoots, up to 7-flowered; peduncle 0.5–4 mm long; bracts and bracteoles triangular to oblong, c. 1 mm long. Flowers unisexual, regular, 5-merous, greenish to yellowish; pedicel up to 1 cm long, jointed near base; calyx tube much shorter than lobes; petals free, exserted, entire, corona consisting of lobes or a lobed rim present; male flowers c. 1 cm long, filaments of stamens fused at base, anthers free, ovary rudimentary; female flowers c. 0.5 cm long, ovary superior, ovoid, styles 3, free, stigmas globular to kidney-shaped, papillate, stamens rudimentary. Fruit a stalked ovoid-ellipsoid capsule 2–3 cm × 1.5–2 cm, woody to leathery, red, many-seeded. Seeds broadly ovoid, flattened, c. 6.5 mm × 5.5 mm × 3 mm, coarsely banded or pitted.
''Adenia'' comprises about 95 species, with about 60 species on the African continent, 20 in Madagascar and 15 in Asia. The genus is subdivided in 6 sections. ''Adenia racemosa'' and some other species with medicinal uses belong to section ''Microblepharis''. ''Adenia aculeata'' (Oliv.) Engl. occurs in Ethiopia, Somalia and north-eastern Kenya. In Somalia the fresh root of ''Adenia aculeata'' is boiled in water, the decoction is filtered and drunk to treat gastritis. Like ''Adenia racemosa'', ''Adenia aculeata'' is collected, traded and grown as an ornamental.
== Description ==
== Other botanical information ==
== Ecology ==
''Adenia racemosa'' occurs in regenerating bush at c. 1000 m altitude.
== Genetic resources ==
''Adenia racemosa'' is a rare species and because of its limited area of distribution, it is liable to genetic erosion.
== Prospects ==
Because of its rarity it seems likely that ''Adenia racemosa'' will remain of limited use only. The wild population needs to be protected and care should be taken with uprooting plants for trade as ornamentals.
== Major references ==
* Chhabra, S.C., Mahunnah, R.L.A. & Mshiu, E.N., 1991. Plants used in traditional medicine in eastern Tanzania. 5. Angiosperms (Passifloraceae to Sapindaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 33: 143–157.
* de Wilde, W.J.J.O., 1971. A monograph of the genus Adenia Forsk. (Passifloraceae). Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 71–18. Wageningen, Netherlands. 281 pp.
* Neuwinger, H.D., 2000. African traditional medicine: a dictionary of plant use and applications. Medpharm Scientific, Stuttgart, Germany. 589 pp.
* Ruffo, C.K., Birnie, A. & Tengnäs, B., 2002. Edible wild plants of Tanzania. Technical Handbook No 27. Regional Land Management Unit/ SIDA, Nairobi, Kenya. 766 pp.
== Other references ==
* Pelosi, E., Lubelli, C., Polito, L., Barbieri, L., Bolognesi, A. & Stirpe, F., 2005. Ribosome-inactivating proteins and other lectins from Adenia (Passifloraceae). Toxicon 46(6): 658–663.
* Samuelsson, G., Farah, M.H., Claeson, P., Hagos, M., Thulin, M., Hedberg, O., Warfa, A.M., Hassan, A.O., Elmi, A.H., Abdurahman, A.D., Elmi, A.S., Abdi, Y.A. & Alin, M.H., 1993. Inventory of plants used in traditional medicine in Somalia. 4. Plants of the families Passifloraceae to Zygophyllaceae. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 38: 1–29.
== Author(s) ==
* A. de Ruijter
PROTA Network Office Europe, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 341, 6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands
== Correct citation of this article ==
de Ruijter, A., 2007. '''Adenia racemosa''' W.J.de Wilde. [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. Schmelzer, G.H. & Gurib-Fakim, A. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. <http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp>.
Accessed {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}.
* See the [http://www.prota4u.org/protav8.asp?en=1&p=Adenia+racemosa+W.J.De+Wilde Prota4U] database.
[[fr:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:PROTA prov]]
{{PROTAUpperbar}}
{{PROTA Starbox
| General importance= 2
| Geographic coverage Africa= 1
| Geographic coverage World= 1
| Ornamental= 1
| Forage / feed= 1
| Medicinal= 2
| Conservation status= 1
}}
__NOTOC__
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Adenia racemosa'' (PROTA)}}
:Protologue: Meded. Landbouwhogeschool. 71(18): 64 (1971).
:Family: Passifloraceae
== Synonyms ==
== Vernacular names ==
== Origin and geographic distribution ==
''Adenia racemosa'' is endemic to Tanzania.
== Uses ==
In Tanzania a bark decoction is drunk to treat menorrhagia. A leaf decoction is drunk to treat mental illness. The tubers are used to treat chickenpox. The flexible stems are used as string. ''Adenia racemosa'' is also used for fodder and is grown for ornamental purposes in greenhouses in temperate regions.
== Production and international trade ==
''Adenia racemosa'' is collected, traded and grown as an ornamental by plant amateurs.
== Properties ==
Few phytochemical analyses have been done on ''Adenia racemosa''. The stem bark contains flavonoids, saponins and tannins, but no cyanoglycosides have been reported. Recently, ribosome-inactivating proteins have been isolated.
== Botany ==
Monoecious climber up to 8 m tall, with a swollen, globular trunk; stems with simple tendrils 8–12 cm long. Leaves alternate, deeply (3–)5(–7)-lobed; petiole 1.5–5.5 cm long; stipules broadly triangular, c. 1 mm long, acute; blade orbicular to broadly ovate in outline, 3–10 cm × 3–10 cm, base cordate to truncate, lobes triangular to elliptical, up to 5 cm long, acute to rounded. Inflorescence in the axils of much reduced leaves on short shoots, up to 7-flowered; peduncle 0.5–4 mm long; bracts and bracteoles triangular to oblong, c. 1 mm long. Flowers unisexual, regular, 5-merous, greenish to yellowish; pedicel up to 1 cm long, jointed near base; calyx tube much shorter than lobes; petals free, exserted, entire, corona consisting of lobes or a lobed rim present; male flowers c. 1 cm long, filaments of stamens fused at base, anthers free, ovary rudimentary; female flowers c. 0.5 cm long, ovary superior, ovoid, styles 3, free, stigmas globular to kidney-shaped, papillate, stamens rudimentary. Fruit a stalked ovoid-ellipsoid capsule 2–3 cm × 1.5–2 cm, woody to leathery, red, many-seeded. Seeds broadly ovoid, flattened, c. 6.5 mm × 5.5 mm × 3 mm, coarsely banded or pitted.
''Adenia'' comprises about 95 species, with about 60 species on the African continent, 20 in Madagascar and 15 in Asia. The genus is subdivided in 6 sections. ''Adenia racemosa'' and some other species with medicinal uses belong to section ''Microblepharis''. ''Adenia aculeata'' (Oliv.) Engl. occurs in Ethiopia, Somalia and north-eastern Kenya. In Somalia the fresh root of ''Adenia aculeata'' is boiled in water, the decoction is filtered and drunk to treat gastritis. Like ''Adenia racemosa'', ''Adenia aculeata'' is collected, traded and grown as an ornamental.
== Description ==
== Other botanical information ==
== Ecology ==
''Adenia racemosa'' occurs in regenerating bush at c. 1000 m altitude.
== Genetic resources ==
''Adenia racemosa'' is a rare species and because of its limited area of distribution, it is liable to genetic erosion.
== Prospects ==
Because of its rarity it seems likely that ''Adenia racemosa'' will remain of limited use only. The wild population needs to be protected and care should be taken with uprooting plants for trade as ornamentals.
== Major references ==
* Chhabra, S.C., Mahunnah, R.L.A. & Mshiu, E.N., 1991. Plants used in traditional medicine in eastern Tanzania. 5. Angiosperms (Passifloraceae to Sapindaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 33: 143–157.
* de Wilde, W.J.J.O., 1971. A monograph of the genus Adenia Forsk. (Passifloraceae). Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 71–18. Wageningen, Netherlands. 281 pp.
* Neuwinger, H.D., 2000. African traditional medicine: a dictionary of plant use and applications. Medpharm Scientific, Stuttgart, Germany. 589 pp.
* Ruffo, C.K., Birnie, A. & Tengnäs, B., 2002. Edible wild plants of Tanzania. Technical Handbook No 27. Regional Land Management Unit/ SIDA, Nairobi, Kenya. 766 pp.
== Other references ==
* Pelosi, E., Lubelli, C., Polito, L., Barbieri, L., Bolognesi, A. & Stirpe, F., 2005. Ribosome-inactivating proteins and other lectins from Adenia (Passifloraceae). Toxicon 46(6): 658–663.
* Samuelsson, G., Farah, M.H., Claeson, P., Hagos, M., Thulin, M., Hedberg, O., Warfa, A.M., Hassan, A.O., Elmi, A.H., Abdurahman, A.D., Elmi, A.S., Abdi, Y.A. & Alin, M.H., 1993. Inventory of plants used in traditional medicine in Somalia. 4. Plants of the families Passifloraceae to Zygophyllaceae. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 38: 1–29.
== Author(s) ==
* A. de Ruijter
PROTA Network Office Europe, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 341, 6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands
== Correct citation of this article ==
de Ruijter, A., 2007. '''Adenia racemosa''' W.J.de Wilde. [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. Schmelzer, G.H. & Gurib-Fakim, A. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. <http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp>.
Accessed {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}.
* See the [http://www.prota4u.org/protav8.asp?en=1&p=Adenia+racemosa+W.J.De+Wilde Prota4U] database.
[[fr:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:PROTA prov]]