Hydnocarpus anthelmintica (PROSEA)

Plant Resources of South-East Asia Introduction

List of species

Hydnocarpus anthelmintica Pierre ex Lanessan

Protologue: Pl. util. colon. franç.: 303 (1896).

Synonyms

• Hydnocarpus alpina Wight var. elongata Boerl. (1899),
• Hydnocarpus alpina Wight var. macrocarpa Boerl. (1899).

Vernacular names

• Sausage tree (En)
• Chaulmoogra (Fr)
• Burma (Myanmar): kalaw-wa
• Cambodia: krabaou (Kompong Thom), krabaou phlae thom (Cambodge), krabaou thom (Pursat)
• Laos: ka bao
• Thailand: krabao (general), bao (peninsular), krabao yai (central)
• Vietnam: chôm hôi (Thua Thien), chùm bao (Gia Dinh), phong tu-tu (Bien Hoa), chùm bao lớn, dại phong tử, lọ nồi.

Distribution

Burma (Myanmar), Indo-China and Thailand; also cultivated within this region for its medicinal seeds.

Uses

The seeds are used as a vermifuge in Thailand and Vietnam. However, the use of the seed oil in the treatment of leprosy and other skin complaints is more important. This species is reported to be the source of almost all Hydnocarpus seed used in China.

Observations

• A dioecious, small to medium-sized tree, 10-20(-30) m tall, outer bark lenticellate, greyish-black, inner bark brown.
• Leaves ovate-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, 10-33 cm × 3-7 cm, coriaceous, glabrous, base cuneate to rounded-obtuse, usually asymmetrical, apex gradually long attenuate.
• Inflorescence a 2-3-branched cyme, few-flowered.
• Flowers 5-merous, white or greenish, scented, female flowers with 5 fusiform staminodes.
• Fruit globose, 8-12 cm in diameter, brownish tomentulose, exocarp 0.2 mm thick, mesocarp yellowish, very hard.
• Seeds 30-50(-100) per fruit, ovoid, compressed, 1.5-1.8 cm × 1-1.5 cm.

H. anthelmintica occurs in evergreen forest and is locally common along river banks, at elevations up to 1300 m. It may well be grown in the Malesian region.

Selected sources

• [202] Burkill, I.H., 1966. A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. Revised reprint. 2 volumes. Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Vol. 1 (A-H) pp. 1-1240. Vol. 2 (I-Z) pp. 1241-2444.
• [260] Christie, W.W., Brechany, E.Y. & Shukla, V.K., 1989. Analysis of seed oils containing cyclopentenyl fatty acids by combined chromatographic procedures. Lipids 24: 116-120, 564.
• [293] Cramer, U., Rehfeldt, A.G. & Spener, F., 1980. Isolation and biosynthesis of cyclopentenyl glycine, a novel nonproteinogenic amino-acid in Flacourtiaceae. Biochemistry 19(13): 3074-3080.
• [294] Cramer, U. & Spener, F., 1977. Biosynthesis of cyclopentenyl fatty acids. Cyclopentenylglycine, a non-proteinogenic amino acid as precursor of cyclic fatty acids in Flacourtiaceae. European Journal of Biochemistry 74(3): 495-500.
• [364] Doan Thi Nhu, Do Huy Bich, Pham Kim Man, Nguyen Thuong Thuc, Bui Xuan Chuong & Pham Duy Mai (Editors), 1993. Les plants médicinales au Vietnam. Livre 2. Médicine traditionelle et pharmacopée [The medicinal plants of Vietnam. Volume 2. Traditional medicine and pharmacopoeia]. Agence de coopération Culturelle et Technique, Paris, France. 189 pp.
• [843] Lescot, M., 1970. Flacourtiaceae. In: Tardieu-Blot. M.-L. (Editor): Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Viêtnam [Flora of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam]. Vol. 11. Muséum National d'Hisoire Naturelle, Paris, France. pp. 3-98.
• [900] Mansfeld, R., 1986. Verzeichnis landwirtschaflicher und gaertnerischer Kulturpflanzen (ohne Zierpflanzen) [Register of agricultural and horticultural plants (withouth ornamentals)]. 2nd Edition, revised by J. Schultze-Motel. 4 volumes. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany. 1998 pp.
• [1035] Nguyen Van Duong, 1993. Medicinal plants of Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. Mekong Printing, Santa Ana, California, United States. 528 pp.
• [1126] Perry, L.M., 1980. Medicinal plants of East and Southeast Asia. Attributed properties and uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States & London, United Kingdom. 620 pp.
• [1128] Pételot, A., 1952-1954. Les plantes médicinales du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam [The medicinal plants of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam]. 4 volumes. Centre National de Recherches Scientifiques et Techniques, Saigon, Vietnam.
• [1287] Saralamp, P., Temsiririrkkul, R., Chuakul, W., Riewpaiboon, A., Prathanturarug, S., Suthisisang, C. & Pongcharoensuk, P. (Editors), 1996. Medicinal plants in the Siri Ruckhachati Garden. 2nd Edition. Siambooks and Publications Co., Bangkok, Thailand. 263 pp.
• [1376] Sleumer, H., 1938. Monographie der Gattung Hydnocarpus Gaertner [Monograph of the genus Hydnocarpus Gaertner]. Botanische Jahrbücher 69: 1-94.
• [1378] Sleumer, H., 1985. The Flacourtiaceae of Thailand. Blumea 30: 217-250.
• [1392] Sosef, M.S.M., Hong, L.T. & Prawirohatmodjo, S. (Editors), 1998. Plant Resources of South-East Asia No 5(3). Timber trees: Lesser-known timbers. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, the Netherlands. 859 pp.

Main genus page

• Hydnocarpus (Medicinal plants)
• Hydnocarpus (Timbers)

Authors

• Khozirah Shaari & L.S.L. Chua