Cyclea barbata (PROSEA)

Plant Resources of South-East Asia Introduction

List of species

1, leafy stem; 2, stem with leaf and male inflorescence; 3, male flower; 4, male flower with calyx removed; 5, fruit; 6, endocarp (Iskak Syamsudin)

Cyclea barbata Miers

Protologue: Contr. bot. 3: 237 (1871).

• Cyclea peltata auct. non (Lamk) Hook.f. & Thomson.

• Indonesia: cincau (general), camcauh (Sundanese), camcao (Javanese)
• Thailand: krung khamao (peninsular), krung badan (south-eastern)
• Vietnam: dây sâm, sâm lông.

India (Assam), Burma (Myanmar), Indo-China, Thailand, Simeuluë, islands in the Sunda Strait and Java.

A decoction made of the roots is used in local medicine against fever. The leaves are used in Java to prepare a jelly called "cincau" or "cincau hijau" (green cincau), which is used as a refreshment and as a medicine against stomach complaints.

• A slender herbaceous or woody climber up to 8 m long, root fleshy, thick and long, pale brown outside, whitish or yellowish inside, stem hispid when young, later glabrescent.
• Leaves ovate, deltoid-ovate or broadly ovate, up to 17.5 cm long, hairy below, petiole up to 6.5 cm long, hispid.
• Male flowers with puberulous calyx and connate petals, female flowers tightly crowded in subglobose heads, with tomentose carpels.
• Fruit puberulous.

C. barbata occurs in forest including teak forest and bamboo forest, and in grassland with scrub vegetation, sometimes on limestone, occasionally cultivated, up to 1100 m altitude.

• Dahmen, K., Pachaly, P. & Zymalkowski, F., 1977. Alkaloide aus der thailändischen Menispermaceen Droge Krung Kha Mao (Cyclea barbata), 5. Mitt. Isolierung und Strukturaufklärung weiterer Bisbenzylisochinolin Alkaloide [Alkaloids from the Thai Menispermaceae drug krung kha mao (Cyclea barbata), part 5. Isolation and structural elucidation of further bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids]. Archiv der Pharmazie (Weinheim) 310(2): 95-102.
• Forman, L.L. 1986. Menispermaceae. In: van Steenis, C.G.G.J. & de Wilde, W.J.J.O. (General editors): Flora Malesiana. Series 1, Vol. 10. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands. pp. 157-253.
• Forman, L.L., 1988. A synopsis of Thai Menispermaceae. Kew Bulletin 43(2): 369-407.
• Forman, L.L., 1991. Menispermaceae. In: Smitinand, T. & Larsen, K. (Editors): Flora of Thailand. Vol. 5(3). The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok, Thailand. pp. 325-331.
• Goepel, C., Yupraphat, T., Pachaly, P. & Zymalkowski, F., 1974. Alkaloide aus der thailändischen Menispermaceen Droge Krung Kha Mao (Cyclea barbata), 4. Mitt. Isolierung und Strukturaufklärung zweier Berbamin Alkaloide [Alkaloids from the Thai Menispermaceae drug krung kha mao (Cyclea barbata), part 4. Isolation and structural elucidation of two berbamine alkaloids]. Planta Medica 26(1): 94-97.
• Heyne, K., 1950. De nuttige planten van Indonesië [The useful plants of Indonesia]. 3rd Edition. 2 volumes. W. van Hoeve, 's Gravenhage, the Netherlands/Bandung, Indonesia. 1660 + CCXLI pp.
• Klughardt, G. & Zymalkowski, F., 1982. Magnoflorin und Protoquercit als Inhaltsstoffen von Cyclea barbata Miers [Magnoflorine and protoquercitol as constituents of Cyclea barbata Miers]. Archiv der Pharmazie (Weinheim) 315(1): 7-11.
• Martin, H. J., Pachaly, P. & Zymalkowski, F., 1977. Alkaloide aus der thailändischen Menispermaceen Droge Krung Kha Mao (Cyclea barbata), 6. Mitt. Isolierung und Strukturaufklärung quartärer Tetrahydroprotoberberin Alkaloide [Alkaloids from the Thai Menispermaceae drug krung kha mao (Cyclea barbata), part 6. Isolation and structural elucidation of quaternary tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloids]. Archiv der Pharmazie (Weinheim) 310(4): 314-319.
• Nguyen Van Duong, 1993. Medicinal plants of Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. Mekong Printing, Santa Ana, California, United States. 528 pp.
• Siwon, J., 1982. A pharmacognostical study of some Indonesian plants of the family Menispermaceae. Thesis. Faculty of Phamacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia. 108 pp.
• Wu, J. & Xie, F.S., 1987. Dimethyl 1 curine dimethochloride, an alternative for D tubocurarine chloride. Chinese Medical Journal 100(3): 173-176.
• Yang, Q.Z. & Lin, L.R., 1981. Mode of action of dimethyl levo curine dimethochloride on neuro muscular transmission. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2(1): 19-23. (in Chinese)
• Yupraphat, T., Pachaly, P. & Zymalkowski, F., 1974. Alkaloide aus der thailändischen Menispermaceen Droge Krung Kha Mao (Cyclea barbata), 3. Mitt. Isolierung und Identifizierung weiterer Bisbenzylisochinolin Alkaloide vom Berbamin-bzw. Oxyacanthin Typ. [Alkaloids from the Thai Menispermaceae drug krung kha mao (Cyclea barbata), part 3. Isolation and identification of further bisbenzylisochinoline alkaloids of the berbamine, resp. oxyacanthine type]. Planta Medica 25(4): 315-324.

• Cyclea (Medicinal plants)

• R.H.M.J. Lemmens & S.F.A.J. Horsten