Crinum asiaticum (PROSEA)

Plant Resources of South-East Asia Introduction

List of species

Crinum asiaticum L.

Protologue: Sp. pl. 1: 292 (1753).

Synonyms

• Crinum amabile Donn. (1811),
• Crinum macrantherum Engl. (1886),
• Crinum defixum auct. non Ker Gawl.,
• Crinum macrophyllum Hallier (1913).

Vernacular names

• Crinum lily, poison bulb (En).
• Crinole asiatique (Fr)
• Indonesia: bakung (general), kajang-kajang (Palembang), fete-fete (Ternate)
• Malaysia: bakong, bawang hutan (general)
• Papua New Guinea: morabau (Kabulula, Trobriand Islands), didil (Lesu, New Ireland), pokaan (Western Highlands)
• Philippines: bakong (general), agabahan (Bisaya), biliba (Subanun)
• Thailand: phlapphueng (central), lilua (northern)
• Vietnam: náng hoa trắng, tỏi voi, lá náng.

Distribution

From India to South-East Asia, north-western Australia and Polynesia.

Uses

In Papua New Guinea, the leaves are applied on swellings and the roots are given to ease childbirth. The hairlike threads from the stem are used to poultice cuts. In Fiji, the plant is used to treat infections of the breast and wounds. In Vietnam, a poultice of the leaves is applied to contusions, sprains and closed fractures, and a poultice of the bulb is used to relieve rheumatism. A decoction of the dried leaves is used as a wash for haemorrhoids. In Thailand, the leaves are used to treat inflammations and the bulbs as a diuretic.

Observations

• A variable herb, 1-1.8 m tall, bulb about 5-15 cm in diameter, many bulblets present, false stem up to 50 cm long, clothed with old leaf sheaths.
• Leaves 20-30, narrowly to broadly elliptical, 50-150 cm × 3.5-20 cm, lower horizontal, upper semi-erect, margins entire, smooth; umbel 10-50-flowered, scape 50-100 cm long, bracts 9-16 cm × 3-5 cm, pale.
• Flowers fragrant at night, corolla tube straight, 8-13 cm long, 4-5 mm in diameter, lobes lanceolate, 6-12 cm × 0.5-1.2 cm, white, sometimes pink, pedicel 0.5-2.5 cm long, filaments of stamens slender, 3.5-7 cm long, anthers straight, 12-25 mm long, yellow, turning purple.
• Capsule subglobose, 2.5 cm in diameter, beaked, pericarp fleshy, yellowish-green, 1-5-seeded.
• Seed ovoid, often angular.

C. asiaticum is extremely polymorphic, and found along sandy shores and shaded, humid localities at low altitudes. The pink-red flowered form was formerly known under the name C. amabile. C. asiaticum var. sinicum Baker, St. John’s lily, has larger flowers than the type form, and var. declinatum Baker has deflexed flower buds, and the tips of the perianth lobes are tinged red.

Selected sources

• [24] Ahmad, M., 1996. Cytotoxic activity of the leaf extract of Crinum asiaticum Linn. Australian Journal of Medical Herbalism 8(1): 3—6.
• [74] Backer, C.A. & Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr, R.C., 1964—1968. Flora of Java. 3 volumes. Noordhoff, Groningen, the Netherlands. Vol. 1 (1964) 647 pp., Vol. 2 (1965) 641 pp., Vol. 3 (1968) 761 pp.
• [130] Bruneton, J., 1995. Pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, medicinal plants. Technique & Documentation Lavoisier, Paris, France. 915 pp.
• [135] Burkill, I.H., 1966. A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. Revised reprint. 2 volumes. Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Vol. 1 (A—H) pp. 1—1240, Vol. 2 (I—Z) pp. 1241—2444.
• [171] Chattopadhyay, S., Chattopadhyay, U., Mathur, P.P., Saini, K.S. & Ghosal, S., 1983. Effects of hippadine, and Amaryllidaceae alkaloid, on testicular function in rats. Planta Medica 49(4): 252—254.
• [215] Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1948—1976. The wealth of India: a dictionary of Indian raw materials & industrial products. 11 volumes. Publications and Information Directorate, New Delhi, India.
• [263] Doan Thi Nhu, Do Huy Bich, Pham Kim Man, Nguyen Thuong Thuc, Bui Xuan Chuong & Pham Duy Mai (Editors), 1990. Les plantes médicinales au Vietnam. Livre 2. Médicine traditionelle et pharmacopée [The medicinal plants of Vietnam. Volume 2. Traditional medicine and pharmacopoeia]. Agence de coopération Culturelle et Technique, Paris, France. 189 pp.
• [346] Ghosal, S., Shanthy, A., Kumar, A. & Kumar, Y., 1985. Palmilycorine and lycoriside: acyloxy and acylglucosyloxy alkaloids from Crinum asiaticum. Phytochemistry 24(11): 2703—2706.
• [407] Heyne, K., 1950. De nuttige planten van Indonesië [The useful plants of Indonesia]. 3rd Edition. 2 volumes. W. van Hoeve, 's-Gravenhage, the Netherlands/Bandung, Indonesia. 1660 + CCXLI pp.
• [418] Holdsworth, D.K., 1977. Medicinal plants of Papua New Guinea. Technical Paper No 175. South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New Caledonia. 123 pp.
• [610] Likhitwitayawuid, K., Angerhofer, C.K., Chai, H., Pezzuto, J.M., Cordell, G.A. & Ruangrungsi, N., 1993. Cytotoxic and antimalarial alkaloids from the bulbs of Crinum amabile. Journal of Natural Products 56(8): 1331—1338.
• [696] Morton, J.F., 1981. Atlas of medicinal plants of Middle America. Bahamas to Yucatan. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, United States. 1420 pp.
• [700] Mujib, A., Bandopadhyay, S., Jana, B.K. & Ghosh, P.D., 1996. Growth regulators involvement and somatic embryogenesis in Crinum asiaticum. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 1(2): 84—87.
• [739] Nguyen Van Duong, 1993. Medicinal plants of Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. Mekong Printing, Santa Ana, California, United States. 528 pp.
• [786] Perry, L.M., 1980. Medicinal plants of East and Southeast Asia. Attributed properties and uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States & London, United Kingdom. 620 pp.
• [788] Pételot, A., 1952—1954. Les plantes médicinales du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam [The medicinal plants of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam]. 4 volumes. Centre National de Recherches Scientifiques et Techniques, Saigon, Vietnam.
• [867] Saralamp, P., Chuakul, W., Temsiririrkkul, R. & Clayton, T. (Editors), 1996. Medicinal plants in Thailand. Vol. I. Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. 219 pp.

Main genus page

• Crinum

Authors

• Wardah