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Brachylaena ramiflora (PROTA)

132 bytes added, 18:53, 28 June 2015
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<big>''[[Brachylaena ramiflora]]'' (DC.) Humbert</big>
 
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Brachylaena ramiflora'' (PROTA)}}
 
:Protologue: Mém. Soc. Linn. Normandie 25: 54 (1923).
:Family: Asteraceae (Compositae)
 
== Synonyms ==
 
 
 
== Vernacular names ==
 
 
== Origin and geographic distribution ==
== Other botanical information ==
 
Three varieties have been distinguished in ''Brachylaena ramiflora'': var. ''ramiflora'' which is widely distributed above 500 m altitude in Madagascar, var. ''bernieri'' (Baill.) Humbert which is characterized by slightly larger female flowers and occurs in humid forest below 200 m altitude in eastern Madagascar, and var. ''comorensis'' Humbert which is characterized by leaves narrowing into a comparatively long apex and is restricted to humid forest in Comoros.
''Brachylaena'' comprises about 11 species and occurs in eastern and southern mainland Africa and in Madagascar. Madagascar has 5 species, all endemic except ''Brachylaena ramiflora'' that is also found in Comoros. The wood of some other ''Brachylaena'' spp. is used for similar purposes as that of ''Brachylaena ramiflora''.
=== ''Brachylaena merana'' ===''[[Brachylaena merana]]'' (Baker) Humbert is a small to medium-sized tree up to 25(–40) m tall with bole up to 60(–100) cm in diameter, occurring widely in Madagascar in rainforest as well as deciduous and riverine forest up to 2000 m altitude. The wood is valued for construction, carpentry and railway sleepers. It has been used for traditional tombs. Leaf decoctions are used in traditional medicine to treat pulmonary and stomach complaints, as a tonic, and to stimulate the appetite.
=== ''Brachylaena microphylla'' ===''[[Brachylaena microphylla]]'' Humbert is a small tree up to 12 m tall with bole up to 35 cm in diameter, occurring in southern Madagascar in dry forest and bushland up to 1600 m altitude. The wood is sometimes used for construction. It has been exported to India as a substitute of sandalwood (from ''Santalum album'' L.) for use in ritual cremation ceremonies.
=== ''Brachylaena perrieri'' ===''[[Brachylaena perrieri]]'' (Drake) Humbert is a small tree up to 10 m tall with bole up to 30 cm in diameter, occurring in western and central Madagascar in deciduous forest up to 1000 m altitude. The wood is used for fence posts. Leaf decoctions are used in traditional medicine to treat liver complaints, as a tonic, and to stimulate the appetite.
=== ''Brachylaena stellulifera]]'' ===''[[Brachylaena stellulifera'' Humbert is a small tree up to 15 m tall with bole up to 30 cm in diameter, occurring in western Madagascar in deciduous forest. It has no documented uses. Three varieties have been distinguished in ''Brachylaena ramiflora'': var. ''ramiflora'' which is widely distributed above 500 m altitude in Madagascar, var. ''bernieri'' (Baill.) Humbert which is characterized by slightly larger female flowers and occurs in humid forest below 200 m altitude in eastern Madagascar, and var. ''comorensis'' Humbert which is characterized by leaves narrowing into a comparatively long apex and is restricted to humid forest in Comoros.
== Anatomy ==
Wood-anatomical description (IAWA hardwood codes):
*Growth rings: 2: growth ring boundaries indistinct or absent. *Vessels: 5: wood diffuse-porous; 13: simple perforation plates; 22: intervessel pits alternate; (23: shape of alternate pits polygonal); 24: intervessel pits minute (<font size="1">≤</font> 4 μm); 30: vessel-ray pits with distinct borders; similar to intervessel pits in size and shape throughout the ray cell; (36: helical thickenings in vessel elements present); (37: helical thickenings throughout body of vessel element); 41: mean tangential diameter of vessel lumina 50–100 μm; (42: mean tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100–200 μm); 49: 40–100 vessels per square millimetre; 58: gums and other deposits in heartwood vessels. *Tracheids and fibres: 61: fibres with simple to minutely bordered pits; 66: non-septate fibres present; 70: fibres very thick-walled. *Axial parenchyma: 76: axial parenchyma diffuse; 78: axial parenchyma scanty paratracheal; 79: axial parenchyma vasicentric; (80: axial parenchyma aliform); (82: axial parenchyma winged-aliform); 83: axial parenchyma confluent; 85: axial parenchyma bands more than three cells wide; 90: fusiform parenchyma cells; 91: two cells per parenchyma strand; 92: four (3–4) cells per parenchyma strand. *Rays: 97: ray width 1–3 cells; 104: all ray cells procumbent; (106: body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells); 115: 4–12 rays per mm. *Storied structure: 118: all rays storied; 120: axial parenchyma and/or vessel elements storied; 122: rays and/or axial elements irregularly storied.
(E. Ebanyenle, P.E. Gasson & E.A. Wheeler)
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[[Category:PROTA prov]][[Category:Timbers (PROTA)]]
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