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[[File:Map Capsicum annuum.gif|thumb|distribution in Africa (planted)]][[File:Linedrawing Capsicum annuum.gif|thumb|1, habit of chilli plant; 2, shoot of bird pepper plant; 3, fruit of sweet pepper 4, fruit of aromatic pepper. Source: PROSEA]][[File:Capsicum annuum 01 RRS.jpg|thumb|cv. ‘Marie Antoinette’]][[File:Capsicum annuum 171 GG.jpg|thumb|Bird pepper, fruiting habit]][[File:Capsicum annuum 145 GG.jpg|thumb|Aromatic pepper, fruiting twigs]][[File:Capsicum annuum GG 26A.jpg|thumb|Aromatic pepper on the market in Abidjan]][[File:Capsicum annuum LD.jpg|thumb|Chilli fruits on the market in Nigeria]]
<big>''[[Capsicum annuum]]'' L.</big>
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Capsicum annuum'' (PROTA)}}
:Protologue: Sp. pl. 1: 188 (1753).
== Synonyms ==
*''Capsicum frutescens'' L. (1753), *''Capsicum chinense'' Jacq. (1776).
== Vernacular names ==
*Capsicum, capsicum pepper; chilli, sweet pepper, bell pepper; bird pepper; chinense pepper, aromatic pepper, bonnet pepper (En). *Piment; poivron, paprika; piment oiseau ; poivre de Cayenne; habanero, piment antillais (Fr). *Pimentos; pimentão, pimento doce; jindungu, pimento, piri-piri, pimento de caiena; pimento chinês (Po). *Mpilipili, mpilipili hoho (Sw).
== Origin and geographic distribution ==
== Description ==
*Erect herb or subshrub, up to 2.5 m tall, much-branched, grown as an annual but in home gardens sometimes a short-term perennial; taproot strong, lateral roots numerous; stem irregularly angular to subterete, up to 1 cm in diameter, green to brown-green, often softly hairy and with purplish spots near nodes. *Leaves alternate, simple, very variable; stipules absent; petiole up to 10 cm long; blade ovate, up to 10(–16) cm × 5(–8) cm, acuminate at apex, margin usually entire, almost glabrous, pale to dark green. *Flowers usually solitary, sometimes 2 or more per node, terminal, bisexual, usually 5-merous; pedicel up to 3 cm long, but elongating up to 8 cm in fruit, usually pending; calyx cup-shaped, persistent and enlarging in fruit, usually with conspicuous teeth; corolla campanulate to rotate, 8–15 mm in diameter, white or greenish, rarely purple, tube short, lobes ovate; stamens adnate at base to corolla tube, with pale blue to purplish anthers; ovary superior, 2(–4)-celled, style filiform, white or purplish, stigma capitate. *Fruit a berry, very variable in size, shape, colour, and degree of pungency, usually more or less conical, up to 30 cm long, green, yellow, cream or purplish when immature, red, orange, yellow or brown when mature, many-seeded. *Seeds orbicular, flattened, 3–5.5 mm in diameter, pale yellow. *Seedling with epigeal germination.
== Other botanical information ==
== Author(s) ==
* G.J.H. Grubben, Boeckweijdt Consult, Prins Hendriklaan 24, 1401 AT Bussum, Netherlands
== Correct citation of this article ==
Grubben, G.J.H. & El Tahir Ibrahim Mohamed, 2004. '''Capsicum annuum''' L. [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. <http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp>.
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[[Category:PROTA]]
[[Category:Vegetables (PROTA)]]