Changes

*European chestnut, Spanish chestnut (En). *Marronnier, châtaignier (Fr).

*Tree, up to 30 m tall. *Leaves oblong-lanceolate, up to 22 cm long, coarsely serrate. *Fruit a spiny 2-4-valved burl (cupule), containing 1-4 nuts. *Nuts flattened to subglobose, 1-3 cm diameter, brown.  Many cultivars exist. Other ''Castanea'' species with edible nuts might be worth trying in the higher altitude tropics, e.g. ''C. dentata'' Borkh. (American chestnut), ''C. mollissima'' Blume (Chinese chestnut), ''C. crenata'' Sieb. & Zucc. (Japanese chestnut), ''C. pumila'' (L.) P. Miller (dwarf chestnut).

10*Burkill, 26I.H., 511966. A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. 2nd ed. 2 Volumes. Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2444 pp. *Heyne, K., 1927. De nuttige planten van Nederlandsch Indië [The useful plants of the Dutch East Indies]. 2nd ed. 3 Volumes. Departement van Landbouw, Nijverheid en Handel in Nederlandsch Indië. 1953 pp. *Mansfeld, R. & Schultze Motel, J., 1986. Verzeichnis landwirtschaftlicher und gärtnerischer Kuturpflanzen. 2nd ed. 4 Volumes. Springer Verlag, Berlin. 1998 pp. == Authors == P.C.M. Jansen, J. Jukema, L.P.A. Oyen, T.G.van Lingen