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<big>''[[Copaifera religiosa]]'' J.Léonard</big>
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Copaifera religiosa'' (PROTA)}}
[[File:Map Copaifera religiosa.gif|thumb|distribution in Africa (wild)]][[File:Copaifera religiosa WAG9000229.jpg|thumb|tree habit]][[File:Copaifera religiosa WAG9000230.jpg|thumb|tree habit]][[File:Copaifera religiosa WAG9000231.jpg|thumb|trees in their habitat]][[File:Copaifera religiosa WAG9000232.jpg|thumb|bole]][[File:Copaifera religiosa WAG9000233.jpg|thumb|crown]][[File:Copaifera religiosa M.E.Bakker xs.jpg|thumb|wood in transverse section]][[File:Copaifera religiosa M.E.Bakker tls.jpg|thumb|wood in tangential section]]
:Protologue: Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat 19: 398 (1949).
:Family: Caesalpiniaceae (Leguminosae - Caesalpinioideae)
== Origin and geographic distribution ==
Bark and roots contain tannin. A dichloromethane bark extract has shown in-vitro antiplasmodial activity against ''Plasmodium falciparum'', while the methanol extract was inactive. The dichloromethane bark extract also showed considerable in-vitro cytotoxicity.
== Botany Description ==
*Large tree up to 45 m tall; bole branchless for up to 30 m, straight and cylindrical, up to 200 cm in diameter, thickened at the base, without buttresses; bark surface smooth or finely scaly, orange to reddish brown, inner bark fibrous, brittle, pale yellow, aromatic; crown umbrella-shaped; twigs short-hairy but soon becoming glabrous. *Leaves alternate, pinnately compound with 10–16 leaflets; stipules minute, early caducous; petiole and rachis 10–20 cm long, grooved above; petiolules 2–5 mm long, twisted; leaflets alternate, oblong to elliptical or obovate, 2.5–6.5 cm × 1.5–3.5 cm, base slightly asymmetrical and rounded or cuneate, apex rounded to notched, leathery, nearly glabrous, with translucent dots, pinnately veined with c. 20 pairs of lateral veins. *Inflorescence an axillary raceme up to 19 cm long, with spike-like branches 2(–6) cm long, densely hairy. *Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, white, nearly sessile, with 2 small, caducous bracteoles; sepals 4, ovate-lanceolate, c. 4 mm × 2–3 mm, 1 broader than other 3, densely hairy; petals absent or sometimes 4 present and then 1–2 mm long; stamens 8–10, free, c. 5 mm long; ovary superior, sessile, hairy at base and sides, 1-celled, style c. 3 mm long. *Fruit an ellipsoid to nearly globose pod 3–5 cm × 2–3.5 cm, slightly flattened, leathery, rough, glabrous to hairy, blackish, somewhat shiny, covered with small resin droplets, dehiscent with 2 valves, 1-seeded. *Seeds oblong, with a red aril. == Other botanical information ==
''Copaifera'' comprises about 40 species, of which about 35 occur in tropical America, 4 in Africa and 1 in tropical Asia. ''Copaifera'' seems closely related to ''Baikiaea'', ''Detarium'', ''Sindora'' and ''Tessmannia''.
== Ecology ==
* ATIBT (Association Technique Internationale des Bois Tropicaux), 1986. Tropical timber atlas: Part 1 – Africa. ATIBT, Paris, France. 208 pp.
== Other references ==
* ATIBT (Association Technique Internationale des Bois Tropicaux), 2007. Statistiques. La lettre de l’ATIBT 26: 38–52.
* Volavka, Z., 1998. Crown and ritual: the royal insignia of Ngoyo. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada. 411 pp.
* Wilczek, R., Léonard, J., Hauman, L., Hoyle, A.C., Steyaert, R., Gilbert, G. & Boutique, R., 1952. Caesalpiniaceae. In: Robyns, W., Staner, P., Demaret, F., Germain, R., Gilbert, G., Hauman, L., Homès, M., Jurion, F., Lebrun, J., Vanden Abeele, M. & Boutique, R. (Editors). Flore du Congo belge et du Ruanda-Urundi. Spermatophytes. Volume 3. Institut National pour l’Étude Agronomique du Congo belge, Brussels, Belgium. pp. 234–554.
== Author(s) ==
* M. Brink , PROTA Network Office Europe, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 341, 6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands
== Correct citation of this article ==
Brink, M., 2012. '''Copaifera religiosa''' J.Léonard. [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. Lemmens, R.H.M.J., Louppe, D. & Oteng-Amoako, A.A. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. <http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp>.
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[[Category:PROTA prov]][[Category:Timbers (PROTA)]]
