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Cleome rutidosperma (PROTA)

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<big>''[[Cleome rutidosperma]]'' DC.</big>
 
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Cleome rutidosperma'' (PROTA)}}
 
:Protologue: Prodr. 1: 241 (1824).
== Synonyms ==
*''Cleome ciliata'' Schumach. & Thonn. (1827).
== Vernacular names ==
*Spiderplant, fringed spiderflower (En). *Musambe (Po). *Mgagani (Sw).
== Origin and geographic distribution ==
Fresh leaves of ''Cleome rutidosperma'' contain per 100 g edible portion: water 81.0 g, energy 239 kJ (57 kcal), protein 5.5 g, fat 0.9 g, carbohydrate 10.1 g, fibre 1.7 g, Ca 454 mg, Mg 38 mg, P 59 mg, Fe 2.7 mg (Leung, W.-T.W., Busson, F. & Jardin, C., 1968).
 
== Botany ==
 
Erect annual herb up to 50 cm tall, branched from the base; stem finely pubescent or glandular pubescent, green-purplish. Leaves alternate, 3-foliolate; petiole up to 7 cm long; leaflets elliptical, 1–6 cm × 0.5–2.5 cm, glabrous to sparsely setulose-pubescent. Inflorescence racemose, lax and not clearly demarcated; bracts similar to leaves. Flowers bisexual, regular, 4-merous; pedicel up to 3.5 cm long in fruit; sepals linear to lanceolate, 2–4.5 mm long, glandular puberulent; petals oblanceolate, 6–11 mm long, usually white, sometimes pinkish; stamens 6; ovary superior, cylindrical, 1-celled. Fruit a cylindrical capsule 3–6 cm × 3–4 mm, with stalk 5–13 mm long, subglabrous, dehiscing with 2 valves. Seeds globular-reniform, c. 2 mm in diameter, orange-brown-black, with fine longitudinal striations and low irregular transverse ridges.
 
''Cleome'' comprises 150–200 species, with the majority in tropical America, whereas about 50 are known from tropical Africa. It is classified in the subfamily ''Cleomoideae'', sometimes considered a separate family ''Cleomaceae''. ''Cleome rutidosperma'' is often confused with ''Cleome iberidella'' Welw. ex Oliv., which occurs at higher altitudes (1000–1600 m) and is also occasionally used as a cooked vegetable. It has more clearly demarcated racemose inflorescences, its petals are darker coloured and the entire plant is much more pubescent. Both species are also close to a third African species with edible leaves occurring at higher altitudes (1000–2000 m): ''Cleome schimperi'' Pax. It is possible that these 3 taxa are in fact 1 complex species with different ecological expressions because intermediate specimens have been found.
== Description ==
*Erect annual herb up to 50 cm tall, branched from the base; stem finely pubescent or glandular pubescent, green-purplish.
*Leaves alternate, 3-foliolate; petiole up to 7 cm long; leaflets elliptical, 1–6 cm × 0.5–2.5 cm, glabrous to sparsely setulose-pubescent.
*Inflorescence racemose, lax and not clearly demarcated; bracts similar to leaves.
*Flowers bisexual, regular, 4-merous; pedicel up to 3.5 cm long in fruit; sepals linear to lanceolate, 2–4.5 mm long, glandular puberulent; petals oblanceolate, 6–11 mm long, usually white, sometimes pinkish; stamens 6; ovary superior, cylindrical, 1-celled.
*Fruit a cylindrical capsule 3–6 cm × 3–4 mm, with stalk 5–13 mm long, subglabrous, dehiscing with 2 valves.
*Seeds globular-reniform, c. 2 mm in diameter, orange-brown-black, with fine longitudinal striations and low irregular transverse ridges.
== Other botanical information ==
== Growth and development == ''Cleome'' comprises 150–200 species, with the majority in tropical America, whereas about 50 are known from tropical Africa. It is classified in the subfamily ''Cleomoideae'', sometimes considered a separate family ''Cleomaceae''.
''Cleome rutidosperma'' is often confused with ''[[Cleome iberidella]]'' Welw. ex Oliv., which occurs at higher altitudes (1000–1600 m) and is also occasionally used as a cooked vegetable. It has more clearly demarcated racemose inflorescences, its petals are darker coloured and the entire plant is much more pubescent.
Both species are also close to a third African species with edible leaves occurring at higher altitudes (1000–2000 m): ''[[Cleome schimperi]]'' Pax. It is possible that these 3 taxa are in fact 1 complex species with different ecological expressions because intermediate specimens have been found.
== Ecology ==
''Cleome rutidosperma'' grows principally at low altitudes in ruderal, humid, hot conditions. It occurs up to 400 m altitude, in areas with an annual rainfall of 1700–3000 mm. Occasionally it is found as a weed up to 1200 m altitude. Flowering and fruiting plants can be found throughout the year, although most abundantly in the rainy season.
 
== Propagation and planting ==
 
 
== Genetic resources ==
== Author(s) ==
* P.C.M. Jansen , PROTA Network Office Europe, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 341, 6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands
== Correct citation of this article ==
Jansen, P.C.M., 2004. '''Cleome rutidosperma''' DC. [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. <http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp>.
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* See the [http://www.prota4u.org/protav8.asp?en=1&p=Cleome+rutidosperma+DC. Prota4U] database.
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[[Category:PROTA prov]][[Category:Vegetables (PROTA)]]
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