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{{PROTA Starbox
| Conservation status= 3
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[[File:Map Swietenia macrophylla.gif|thumb|distribution in Africa (planted)]][[File:Linedrawing Swietenia macrophylla.gif|thumb|1, tree habit; 2, flowering twig; 3, sectioned male flower; 4, sectioned female flower; 5, fruit; 6, seed. Source: PROSEA]][[File:Swietenia macrophylla tree habit Bart Potter Hawaii.jpg|thumb|tree habit]][[File:Swietenia macrophylla01 Kelen Soares.jpg|thumb|leaves]][[File:Swietenia macrophylla bark leaf fruit Friday Hawaii.jpg|thumb|bark, leaf and fruits (University of Hawaii)]][[File:Swietenia macrophylla Mingiweng Flickr inflorescence.jpg|thumb|inflorescence]][[File:Swietenia macrophylla Mingiweng Flickr opened fruit.jpg|thumb|opened fruit and seeds]][[File:Swietenia macrophylla opened fruit Bart Potter Hawaii.jpg|thumb|opened fruits and seeds]][[File:Swietenia macrophylla Mingiweng Flickr seeds.jpg|thumb|seeds]][[File:Swietenia macrophylla planks Arnhem.jpg|thumb|planks ([http://www.af.nl/ Arnhemse Fijnhouthandel])]][[File:Swietenia macrophylla Bois CIRAD.jpg|thumb|wood (radial surface)]][[File:Swietenia macrophylla_tra.jpg|thumb|wood in transverse section]][[File:Swietenia macrophylla xs P.E. Gasson.jpg|thumb|wood in transverse section]][[File:Swietenia macrophylla_tan.jpg|thumb|wood in tangential section]][[File:Swietenia macrophylla tls P.E. Gasson.jpg|thumb|wood in tangential section]][[File:Swietenia macrophylla_rad.jpg|thumb|wood in radial section]][[File:Swietenia macrophylla rls P.E. Gasson.jpg|thumb|wood in radial section]][[File:Swietenia macrophylla xs macro J. Ilic.jpg|thumb|transverse surface of wood]]<big>''[[Swietenia macrophylla]]'' King</big>
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Swietenia macrophylla'' (PROTA)}}
:Protologue: Hook.f., Icon. pl. 16: t. 1550 (1886).
:Family: Meliaceae
:Chromosome number: 2''n'' = 24, 46, 54, 108
== Vernacular names ==
*Big-leaved mahogany, large-leaved mahogany, broad-leaved mahogany, Honduras mahogany (En). *Acajou du Honduras, acajou d’Amérique, mahogany grandes feuilles (Fr). *Mogno (Po).
== Origin and geographic distribution ==
== Description ==
*Medium-sized to large monoecious tree up to 40(–60) m tall; bole usually straight and cylindrical, branchless for up to 18(–25) m, up to 150(–200) cm in diameter, often with broad and plank-like buttresses up to 5 m high; outer bark of older trees scaly, shaggy, deeply longitudinally furrowed and brownish grey to reddish brown, inner bark red-brown or pinkish red; crown dome-shaped, consisting of a few large, ascending branches. *Leaves alternate, paripinnate with (2–)3–6(–8) pairs of leaflets; stipules absent; leaflets opposite, ovate-elliptical, 8–18 cm × 3–5.5 cm, entire, glabrous, pinnately veined. *Inflorescence an axillary panicle 10–20 cm long, consisting of small cymes. *Flowers unisexual, but with well-developed vestiges of the opposite sex, regular, 5-merous, small; pedicel slender, 1.5–2.5 mm long; calyx with broadly rounded lobes 1–1.5 mm long, hairy at margins; petals free, slightly contorted in bud, ovate-oblong, 5–6 mm long, hairy at margins; stamens united into a tube, with 10 sessile anthers at the mouth of the tube; disk annular; ovary superior, usually 5-celled, style short, with disk-shaped stigma. *Fruit a woody, elongate-ovoid capsule 10–15(–22) cm long, greyish brown, opening by 5 valves, many-seeded. *Seeds with large wing, flat, 7.5–10 cm long, dark brown, hanging down and overlapping in fruit; cotyledons thin. *Seedling with hypogeal germination; first 3 leaves simple, later ones 3-foliolate or imparipinnate.
== Other botanical information ==
''Swietenia'' comprises 3 species and is most closely related to ''Khaya'', which differs in its more globose fruits and seeds narrowly winged all round the margin. The 3 ''Swietenia'' species are difficult to distinguish from each other. ''Swietenia macrophylla'' differs from ''Swietenia mahagoni'' (L.) Jacq. in its larger leaflets, fruits and seeds, and from ''Swietenia humilis'' Zucc. in its stalked and shortly acuminate leaflets (sessile and long-acuminate in ''Swietenia humilis'') and dark brown seeds (pale brown in ''Swietenia humilis''). The natural distribution areas of the three species show only very slight overlap, but in areas where 2 species occur hybrids may be found.
=== ''Swietenia humilis'' ===''[[Swietenia humilis]]'' has also been introduced in a few places in tropical Africa (e.g. in Malawi). It is a small to medium-sized tree up to 20 m tall, originating from Central America. Its timber is of little economic importance.
== Anatomy ==
Wood-anatomical description (IAWA hardwood codes):
*Growth rings: (1: growth ring boundaries distinct); (2: growth ring boundaries indistinct or absent). *Vessels: 5: wood diffuse-porous; 13: simple perforation plates; 22: intervessel pits alternate; (23: shape of alternate pits polygonal); 24: intervessel pits minute (<font size="1">≤</font> 4 μm); 30: vessel-ray pits with distinct borders; similar to intervessel pits in size and shape throughout the ray cell; 42: mean tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100–200 μm; (46: <font size="1">≤</font> 5 vessels per square millimetre); 47: 5–20 vessels per square millimetre; 58: gums and other deposits in heartwood vessels. *Tracheids and fibres: 61: fibres with simple to minutely bordered pits; 65: septate fibres present; 66: non-septate fibres present; 69: fibres thin- to thick-walled. *Axial parenchyma: 78: axial parenchyma scanty paratracheal; 79: axial parenchyma vasicentric; 89: axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands; 93: eight (5–8) cells per parenchyma strand; 94: over eight cells per parenchyma strand. Rays: 97: ray width 1–3 cells; (98: larger rays commonly 4- to 10-seriate); 106: body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells; 115: 4–12 rays per mm. *Storied structure: (118: all rays storied); (122: rays and/or axial elements irregularly storied). *Secretory elements and cambial variants: 131: intercellular canals of traumatic origin. *Mineral inclusions: (136: prismatic crystals present); (137: prismatic crystals in upright and/or square ray cells); (141: prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells); (142: prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells).
{{right|(E. Uetimane, H. Beeckman & P.E. Gasson)}}
== Growth and development ==
== Author(s) ==
* R.H.M.J. Lemmens , PROTA Network Office Europe, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 341, 6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands
== Correct citation of this article ==
Lemmens, R.H.M.J., 2005. '''Swietenia macrophylla''' King. [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. In: Louppe, D., Oteng-Amoako, A.A. & Brink, M. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. <http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp>. Accessed {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}.
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[[Category:PROTA prov]][[Category:Timbers (PROTA)]]