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<big>''[[Maranthes robusta]]'' (Oliv.) Prance</big>
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Maranthes robusta'' (PROTA)}}
:Protologue: Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat 46: 306 (1976).
The wood of several other ''Maranthes'' species is similar to that of ''Maranthes robusta'' and ''Maranthes glabra'' and used for similar purposes.
=== ''Maranthes chrysophylla'' ===''[[Maranthes chrysophylla]]'' (Oliv.) Prance (synonym: ''Parinari chrysophylla'' Oliv.) is a medium-sized to fairly large tree up to 40 m tall, with straight bole up to 120 cm in diameter, occurring in evergreen rainforest from Sierra Leone to Gabon and south-western DR Congo. Its reddish wood is used in Liberia and Gabon for construction and planks; although heavy and strong, it is reported to be not durable upon exposure. The bark is poisonous.
=== ''Maranthes goetzeniana'' ===''[[Maranthes goetzeniana]]'' (Engl.) Prance (synonym: ''Parinari goetzeniana'' Engl.) is a medium-sized to fairly large tree up to 35(–50) m tall, with bole branchless for up to 20 m and up to 120 cm in diameter, occurring in evergreen forest from Tanzania to Zimbabwe and Mozambique. The pale brown wood is heavy, with a density of about 930 kg/m³ at 12% moisture content, moderately hard but not very strong. It is used for building poles, railway sleepers, tool handles and yokes, and also as firewood and for charcoal production. The fruit pulp is edible, and the fruit stones are broken and seeds eaten, especially by children during times of food scarcity. The bark produces a red dye. The flowers produce nectar which is collected by honey bees.
=== ''Maranthes polyandra'' ===''[[Maranthes polyandra]]'' (Benth.) Prance is a shrub or small tree up to 8 m tall, with short and gnarled bole, occurring from Mali eastward to Sudan in wooded savanna and grassland. Its wood is used for poles in construction and fences, and as firewood and for charcoal production. The wood has been used in tanning, and wood ash is used as a salt substitute. The leaves are chewed to stain the teeth. The fruits are edible. In traditional medicine, the roots are used against ulcers, syphilis and insanity. The bark is used to treat kwashiorkor and bark decoctions are taken against fever and general pain, and as a tonic by pregnant women; a bark decoction or powder is used in a bath to treat wounds and fractures. Leaves are applied to fractures and to treat abdominal pain in children.
== Anatomy ==
Wood-anatomical description (IAWA hardwood codes):
*Growth rings: 2: growth ring boundaries indistinct or absent. *Vessels: 5: wood diffuse-porous; 9: vessels exclusively solitary (90% or more); 13: simple perforation plates; 22: intervessel pits alternate; 25: intervessel pits small (4–7 μm); (31: vessel-ray pits with much reduced borders to apparently simple: pits rounded or angular); 32: vessel-ray pits with much reduced borders to apparently simple: pits horizontal (scalariform, gash-like) to vertical (palisade); 43: mean tangential diameter of vessel lumina <font size="1">≥</font> 200 μm; 46: <font size="1">≤</font> 5 vessels per square millimetre. *Tracheids and fibres: (60: vascular/vasicentric tracheids present); 62: fibres with distinctly bordered pits; 63: fibre pits common in both radial and tangential walls; 66: non-septate fibres present; 70: fibres very thick-walled. *Axial parenchyma: (85: axial parenchyma bands more than three cells wide); 86: axial parenchyma in narrow bands or lines up to three cells wide; 93: eight (5–8) cells per parenchyma strand; 94: over eight cells per parenchyma strand. *Rays: 97: ray width 1–3 cells; (104: all ray cells procumbent); 106: body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells; 116: <font size="1">≥</font> 12 rays per mm. *Mineral inclusions: 159: silica bodies present; 160: silica bodies in ray cells.
(E. Ebanyenle, P.E. Gasson & E.A. Wheeler)
* Bolza, E. & Keating, W.G., 1972. African timbers: the properties, uses and characteristics of 700 species. Division of Building Research, CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia. 710 pp.
== Other references ==
* Arbonnier, M., 2004. Trees, shrubs and lianas of West African dry zones. CIRAD, Margraf Publishers Gmbh, MNHN, Paris, France. 573 pp.
== Sources of illustration ==
== Author(s) ==
* J.R. Cobbinah, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG), University P.O. Box 63, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
== Correct citation of this article ==
Cobbinah, J.R. & Obeng, E.A., 2012. '''Maranthes robusta''' (Oliv.) Prance. [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. In: Lemmens, R.H.M.J., Louppe, D. & Oteng-Amoako, A.A. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. <http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp>. Accessed {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}.
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[[Category:PROTA prov]][[Category:Timbers (PROTA)]]