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Syzygium guineense (PROTA)

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<big>''[[Syzygium guineense]]'' (Willd.) DC.</big>
 
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Syzygium guineense'' (PROTA)}}
 
:Protologue: Prodr. 3: 259 (1828).
== Synonyms ==
*''Memecylon lopezianum'' A.Chev. (1917).
== Vernacular names ==
*Water berry, water pear, snake bean tree (En). *Kisa d’eau (Fr). *Mzuari, mzambarau, mzambarau mwitu, lubale, mkongoro, mlungiro (Sw).
== Origin and geographic distribution ==
''Syzygium guineense'' is an extremely variable species with a complex taxonomy. It occurs in a wide range of vegetation types and shows a large variety of growth forms, ranging from a lofty forest tree with large plank buttresses to a rhizomatous undershrub. The flowers, however, are rather uniform and the fruits show only slight difference in shape. Variation in leaf shape and size seems to be continuous, and much of the variation appears to be closely correlated with ecology and habit. The taxonomic situation is further complicated by hybridization with ''Syzygium cordatum'' Hochst. ex C.Krauss and backcrossing with the parents. Primarily on the basis of the leaf shape, 11 subspecies have been recognized for Africa as a whole, the best-known being:
* subsp. ''guineense'': tree up to 20 m tall, leaf apex obtuse to shortly acuminate, fruit up to 1 cm long; from Senegal eastward to Somalia and southward to Namibia, Botswana and South Africa, usually occurring in woodland;
* subsp. ''afromontanum'' F.White: tree up to 30 m tall, leaf apex distinctly acuminate, fruit up to 2.5 cm long; from Sudan and Ethiopia through East Africa and eastern DR Congo to Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe and Mozambique, usually growing in forest;
* subsp. ''huillense'' (Hiern) F.White: subshrub up to 60 cm tall, leaf apex acute to rounded or notched, fruit up to 3 cm long; DR Congo, Tanzania, Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, occurring in grassland;
* subsp. ''macrocarpum'' (Engl.) F.White: shrub or tree up to 12 m tall, leaves relatively large and broad, apex short-acuminate, fruit up to 4 cm long; from Gambia to Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic and DR Congo, in woodland and seasonally wet grassland.
The wood of various other ''Syzygium'' species is used. ''Syzygium borbonicum'' J.Guého & A.J.Scott is endemic to Réunion, where it is known as ‘bois de pomme’, ‘bois de pomme blanc’, ‘bois de pêche marron’ or ‘bois à écorce blanche’. It is a buttressed tree up to 20 m tall. The wood is used in construction.
=== ''Syzygium cymosumborbonicum'' (Lam===''[[Syzygium borbonicum]]'' J.Guého & A.) DCJ. Scott is endemic to Réunion and Mauritius, where it is known as ‘bois de pomme’ or , ‘bois de pomme rouge’blanc’, ‘bois de pêche marron’ or ‘bois à écorce blanche’. It is a buttressed tree up to 20 m tall, with a bole diameter up to 50 cm. The wood is used for panelsin construction.
=== ''Syzygium cymosum'' ===''[[Syzygium cymosum]]'' (Lam.) DC. is endemic to Réunion and Mauritius, where it is known as ‘bois de pomme’ or ‘bois de pomme rouge’. It is a tree up to 20 m tall, with a bole diameter up to 50 cm. The wood is used for panels. === ''Syzygium micklethwaitii'' ===''[[Syzygium micklethwaitii]]'' Verdc. (synonym: ''Syzygium sclerophyllum'' Brenan) is a shrub or tree up to 30 m tall, restricted to Kenya and Tanzania. The wood is used for mortars, tool handles, utensils and poles. The fruit is edible, and the tree also supplies fodder, shade and amenity.
== Anatomy ==
Wood-anatomical description (IAWA hardwood codes):
*Growth rings: (1: growth ring boundaries distinct); (2: growth ring boundaries indistinct or absent). *Vessels: 5: wood diffuse-porous; (12: solitary vessel outline angular); 13: simple perforation plates; 22: intervessel pits alternate; 23: shape of alternate pits polygonal; 26: intervessel pits medium (7–10 μm); 29: vestured pits; 31: vessel-ray pits with much reduced borders to apparently simple: pits rounded or angular; 32: vessel-ray pits with much reduced borders to apparently simple: pits horizontal (scalariform, gash-like) to vertical (palisade); 41: mean tangential diameter of vessel lumina 50–100 μm; 42: mean tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100–200 μm; 47: 5–20 vessels per square millimetre; (48: 20–40 vessels per square millimetre); 56: tyloses common. *Tracheids and fibres: 61: fibres with simple to minutely bordered pits; 66: non-septate fibres present; 69: fibres thin- to thick-walled. *Axial parenchyma: 76: axial parenchyma diffuse; 77: axial parenchyma diffuse-in-aggregates; 80: axial parenchyma aliform; 82: axial parenchyma winged-aliform; 83: axial parenchyma confluent; 93: eight (5–8) cells per parenchyma strand. *Rays: 97: ray width 1–3 cells; (102: ray height > 1 mm); 108: body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells; 109: rays with procumbent, square and upright cells mixed throughout the ray; 115: 4–12 rays per mm.
(D. Louppe, P. Détienne & E.A. Wheeler)
Ripe fruits are generally picked from the tree. If fallen, they must be picked immediately from the ground so that they do not spoil.
 
== Handling after harvest ==
 
 
== Genetic resources ==
== Author(s) ==
* A. Maroyi , Department of Biological Sciences, Bindura University of Science Education, P.B. 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe
== Correct citation of this article ==
Maroyi, A., 2008. '''Syzygium guineense''' (Willd.) DC. [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. In: Louppe, D., Oteng-Amoako, A.A. & Brink, M. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. <http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp>. 
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